What GUM is
Государственный универсальный магазин (ГУМ), commonly known as GUM, is a historic department store on the eastern side of Red Square in Moscow, Russia. It is a shopping destination and cultural landmark whose history reflects Russia’s social and economic changes. Today, GUM contains high-end international brands, luxury boutiques, gourmet food stores and dining options, and hosts cultural events that attract visitors from around the world.
History
GUM’s origins date to the early 19th century, when it was established as the Upper Trading Rows. The original structure, designed by architect Joseph Bove, was completed in 1825. The building that stands today was constructed between 1890 and 1893, under architect Alexander Pomerantsev and engineer Vladimir Shukhov. Its design blends Russian medieval elements with modern steel frameworks and glass roofing, making it a pioneering example of early modernist architecture (GUM History).
After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, GUM was nationalized and renamed the State Department Store. During the Soviet era it offered goods ranging from everyday necessities to luxury items and imported products. Despite the economic hardships of the time, it maintained a reputation for quality and variety and was one of the few places where Soviet citizens could find imported goods. GUM also became a social hub where people gathered to experience new trends and innovations.
In the 1920s, the store was temporarily closed and repurposed for government offices. It reopened in 1953 under Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, who envisioned it as a showcase of Soviet prosperity. The reopening was marked by a grand ceremony, and GUM quickly regained its status as a premier shopping destination (Soviet GUM).
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, GUM was privatized and underwent extensive renovations to restore its historic features while modernizing its facilities (Post-Soviet GUM).
GUM’s cultural presence extends beyond shopping. It has been mentioned in literature, including Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita, and has appeared in numerous Soviet and Russian films, often as a backdrop for scenes of Moscow’s urban life (Cultural References).
What to see
The building’s facade stretches along the eastern side of Red Square and features ornate arches and intricate stonework. Inside, interconnected galleries are topped with glass roofs that let natural light into the store. The use of glass and steel was a significant engineering achievement at the time and has been preserved through renovations (Architectural Details).
The store is arranged in three longitudinal sections, or “lines,” spanning multiple floors. Crosswalks and bridges connect the lines. The central line is notable for its grand staircase, mosaics and sculptures.
The upper floors house a museum about GUM’s history and architectural evolution. The store also hosts events, exhibitions and festivals throughout the year. Its shops include international brands, luxury boutiques and gourmet food stores, alongside dining options. GUM has also launched an online store and virtual tours (Modern GUM).
Visitor information
Visiting hours and tickets
GUM is open daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Entry is free, but some events and exhibitions may require tickets. Details are available on the official GUM website.
Guided tours
Guided tours are available in multiple languages and offer more information about GUM’s history and architecture.
Accessibility
GUM is wheelchair accessible, with elevators and ramps throughout the store. Accessible restrooms and seating areas are available for visitors with disabilities.
Travel tips
Weekdays are the best time to visit if you want to avoid weekend crowds.
GUM is in Red Square and can be reached by metro, bus and taxi. The nearest metro stations are Okhotny Ryad (Line 1), Teatralnaya (Line 2) and Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Line 3).
For more travel tips and updates on Moscow’s historical sites, the original guide recommends downloading the Audiala mobile app or following its social media.
Nearby places
- Red Square Explore the heart of Moscow, including the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral.
- Bolshoi Theatre A short walk from GUM; it hosts ballet and opera performances.
FAQ
What are the visiting hours for GUM Moscow?
GUM is open daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM.
How do I buy tickets for GUM Moscow?
Entry is free. Certain events and exhibitions may require tickets; check the official GUM website for details.
What are some must-see attractions near GUM Moscow?
Nearby attractions include Red Square, the Kremlin, St. Basil’s Cathedral and the Bolshoi Theatre.
