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Lobnoe Mesto in Moscow, 1884

Lobnoye Mesto

Moscow, Russia

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Visiting GUM Moscow Russia Guide

Date: 20/07/2024

Introduction

Государственный универсальный магазин (ГУМ), also known as GUM, is an iconic department store situated on the eastern side of Red Square in Moscow, Russia. Established in the early 19th century and later reconstructed between 1890 and 1893, GUM is not merely a shopping destination but a significant cultural landmark that has witnessed and embodied the historical and socio-economic transformations of Russia. Designed by architect Alexander Pomerantsev and engineer Vladimir Shukhov, GUM’s architectural grandeur combines Russian medieval elements with modern steel frameworks and glass roofing, making it a pioneering example of early modernist architecture (GUM History).

During the Soviet era, GUM was nationalized and renamed the State Department Store, symbolizing Soviet consumerism and prosperity. Despite the economic hardships of that time, it remained a premier shopping destination, offering a variety of goods, including luxury items and imported products. The store’s reopening in 1953 under Joseph Stalin marked a significant moment in Soviet history, showcasing the regime’s commitment to providing for its citizens (Soviet GUM).

In the post-Soviet era, GUM underwent extensive renovations to restore its historical features while modernizing its facilities. Today, it houses high-end international brands, luxury boutiques, gourmet food stores, and hosts various cultural events, drawing visitors from around the globe (Post-Soviet GUM). This guide provides comprehensive visitor information, travel tips, and insights into the cultural and historical significance of GUM, ensuring a memorable and enriching experience for all visitors.

Table of Contents

History of Государственный универсальный магазин (ГУМ), Moscow, Russia

Early Beginnings and Construction

The Государственный универсальный магазин, commonly known as GUM, is a historic department store located in Red Square, Moscow. Its origins date back to the early 19th century when it was initially established as the Upper Trading Rows. The original structure was designed by the architect Joseph Bove and completed in 1825. However, the building that stands today was constructed later, between 1890 and 1893, under the guidance of architect Alexander Pomerantsev and engineer Vladimir Shukhov. This new design incorporated elements of Russian medieval architecture with modern steel frameworks and glass roofing, making it a pioneering example of early modernist architecture (GUM History).

The Soviet Era

During the Soviet era, GUM underwent significant transformations. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the store was nationalized and renamed the State Department Store. It became a symbol of Soviet consumerism, offering a wide range of goods from everyday necessities to luxury items. Despite the economic hardships of the time, GUM managed to maintain a reputation for quality and variety, often being one of the few places where Soviet citizens could find imported goods.

In the 1920s, GUM was temporarily closed and repurposed for government offices. However, it was reopened in 1953 under the leadership of Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, who envisioned it as a showcase of Soviet prosperity. The reopening was marked by a grand ceremony, and the store quickly regained its status as a premier shopping destination (Soviet GUM).

Architectural Significance

GUM’s architectural design is a blend of traditional Russian and modernist elements. The building’s facade, which stretches along the eastern side of Red Square, is characterized by its ornate arches and intricate stonework. The interior features a series of interconnected galleries, each topped with a glass roof that allows natural light to flood the space. This innovative use of glass and steel was a significant engineering achievement at the time and has been preserved through various renovations (Architectural Details).

The store’s layout is divided into three longitudinal sections, or “lines,” each spanning multiple floors. These lines are connected by crosswalks and bridges, creating a labyrinthine shopping experience. The central line is particularly notable for its grand staircase and decorative elements, including mosaics and sculptures that reflect the store’s rich history.

Post-Soviet Transformation

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, GUM underwent another transformation. The store was privatized and underwent extensive renovations to restore its historical features while modernizing its facilities. Today, GUM is home to a mix of high-end international brands, luxury boutiques, and gourmet food stores. It has also become a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world who come to admire its architecture and historical significance (Post-Soviet GUM).

Cultural Impact

GUM has played a significant role in Russian culture and history. During the Soviet era, it was more than just a shopping destination; it was a social hub where people gathered to experience the latest trends and innovations. The store’s iconic status has been immortalized in literature, film, and art, making it a symbol of Moscow’s resilience and adaptability through changing times.

One of the most notable cultural references to GUM is in the works of Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov, who mentioned the store in his famous novel “The Master and Margarita.” The store has also been featured in numerous Soviet and Russian films, often serving as a backdrop for scenes depicting Moscow’s bustling urban life (Cultural References).

Modern-Day GUM

Today, GUM continues to be a vital part of Moscow’s cultural and commercial landscape. It hosts various events, exhibitions, and festivals throughout the year, attracting both locals and tourists. The store’s upper floors house a museum that showcases its history and architectural evolution, offering visitors a glimpse into its storied past.

In recent years, GUM has also embraced digital innovation, launching an online store and virtual tours to reach a global audience. This blend of tradition and modernity ensures that GUM remains a relevant and cherished institution in Moscow’s ever-evolving cityscape (Modern GUM).

Visitor Information

Visiting Hours

GUM is open daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM.

Tickets

Entry to GUM is free, but certain events and exhibitions may require tickets. Check the official GUM website for details.

Guided Tours

Guided tours are available in multiple languages and provide a deeper insight into the store’s history and architecture.

Travel Tips

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit GUM is during weekdays to avoid the weekend crowds.

How to Get There

GUM is located in Red Square, easily accessible by metro, bus, and taxi. The nearest metro stations are Okhotny Ryad (Line 1), Teatralnaya (Line 2), and Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Line 3).

Nearby Attractions

  • Red Square: Explore the heart of Moscow with iconic landmarks like the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral.
  • Bolshoi Theatre: Catch a world-class ballet or opera performance just a short walk from GUM.

Accessibility

Wheelchair Access

GUM is wheelchair accessible, with elevators and ramps available throughout the store.

Facilities for Visitors with Disabilities

The store provides accessible restrooms and seating areas for visitors with disabilities.

FAQ

What are the visiting hours for GUM Moscow?

GUM is open daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM.

How do I buy tickets for GUM Moscow?

Entry to GUM is free, but certain events and exhibitions may require tickets. Check the official GUM website for details.

What are some must-see attractions near GUM Moscow?

Nearby attractions include Red Square, the Kremlin, St. Basil’s Cathedral, and the Bolshoi Theatre.

Key Historical Milestones

  • 1825: Original Upper Trading Rows designed by Joseph Bove.
  • 1890-1893: Construction of the current building by Alexander Pomerantsev and Vladimir Shukhov.
  • 1917: Nationalization and renaming to State Department Store.
  • 1920s: Temporary closure and repurposing for government offices.
  • 1953: Reopening under Joseph Stalin.
  • 1991: Privatization and extensive renovations.
  • 2024: Continues to be a premier shopping destination and cultural landmark.

Conclusion

GUM’s rich history and architectural grandeur make it a must-visit destination in Moscow. From its origins in the 19th century to its modern-day status as a luxury shopping destination, GUM reflects the broader historical and cultural shifts that have shaped Russia over the past two centuries. Its architectural splendor, blending traditional Russian and modernist elements, and its role as a social and cultural hub, make it an indispensable part of Moscow’s cityscape and a must-visit for anyone exploring the city (Architectural Details).

Visiting GUM offers a unique opportunity to experience a piece of Russian history while enjoying modern amenities and luxury shopping. With its extensive range of stores, dining options, and year-round events, GUM caters to diverse tastes and preferences, ensuring a fulfilling visit for all. Whether you are interested in its historical significance, architectural beauty, or simply looking for a unique shopping experience, GUM promises to deliver an unforgettable experience that captures the essence of Moscow’s past and present (Modern GUM). For more travel tips and updates on Moscow’s historical sites, download our mobile app Audiala or follow us on social media.

References

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