What Luxembourg Square is
Luxembourg Square, or Place du Luxembourg as it is known locally, is a public square in Brussels’ European Quarter. It is a meeting point for politicians, officials, journalists, tourists and locals, and a place where European political activity meets everyday city life. Its gardens and surrounding buildings bring together historical architecture and modern institutions.
History
The square’s story begins in the 14th century, when a Franciscan monastery and its gardens occupied the site as a peaceful retreat. In the late 18th century, the French Revolution brought the suppression of religious institutions and the seizure of the monastery’s land. source
In 1782, the former monastery grounds were redesigned as a smaller public space called Place Guillaume, used as a marketplace and for public gatherings.
Belgium declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830, and Brussels became the capital of the new nation. With the parliament building nearby, the square gained prominence and was renamed Place du Luxembourg in honor of the neighboring country, which played a crucial role in securing Belgian independence. The nearby Palais de la Nation further established the area’s political and social importance. source
In the mid-19th century, architect Tilman-François Suys led a redesign inspired by French garden principles. Completed in 1855, it introduced geometric flowerbeds, manicured lawns, tree-lined paths and an elegant symmetry. An equestrian statue of Leopold II, a controversial figure in Belgian history, was erected in 1869. source
During both World Wars, the square experienced occupation and the effects of conflict. It also became a place where people gathered for solace and connection. In the latter half of the 20th century, Brussels became a centre for international diplomacy with the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC), later the European Union (EU). The growth of European institutions and their staff helped make the square a meeting place for politicians, officials, lobbyists and visitors. source
What to see and do
The square and its gardens
The square’s gardens have colourful flowerbeds, manicured lawns and shaded walkways. Visitors can relax on a bench, read, picnic on the grass or enjoy the surroundings. The gardens and nearby buildings also provide photographic subjects, including the equestrian statue of Leopold II and the architectural details of the surrounding facades.
European Parliament
The European Parliament complex stands on the east side of the square. Although the main parliament building is in Strasbourg, France, the Brussels complex houses the Parliament’s secretariat and hosts many important political meetings and sessions. Its modern architecture contrasts with the area’s historic buildings. Visitors can take guided tours to learn about the EU’s workings, visit the debating chamber and, when available, observe parliamentary sessions.
Palais de la Nation
The Palais de la Nation is on Rue de la Loi, just south of the square. Built in the late 18th century, it serves as the seat of the Belgian Federal Parliament. Its neoclassical facade and imposing size make it a significant Brussels landmark.
House of European History
Close to the European Parliament, the House of European History is housed in a renovated 1930s building. Its exhibits trace Europe’s history from ancient times to the present, with interactive displays on the continent’s past and present.
Musée Wiertz
Just south of the square, Musée Wiertz presents the work of the 19th-century Belgian Romantic painter Antoine Wiertz. Housed in his former studio and residence, it offers a glimpse into his life and artistic process. His large-scale paintings are known for their dramatic themes.
Monument aux Morts de la Guerre 1940-1945
Within the square, this monument commemorates Belgian soldiers and civilians who died during the Second World War. Inaugurated in 1951, it is a place of remembrance and reflection.
Surrounding architecture
Many of the buildings around the square date from the 19th century and feature neoclassical and eclectic architecture. Their ornate facades, intricate details and varied colours form a backdrop to the gardens.
Market days and events
Markets take place on Tuesdays and Thursdays, when local vendors sell goods including fresh produce, flowers, clothing and souvenirs. The square also hosts public demonstrations, cultural festivals, open-air concerts and other public gatherings. Events can include art installations and regional markets.
Guided tours of the square are available and can explore its history and role in European politics. Schedules and availability can be checked through the local tourism office.
Practical visiting information
Square hours and tickets
Luxembourg Square is a public space open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. There is no entry fee.
Nearby attractions: hours and admission
European Parliament
- Location East side of Luxembourg Square.
- Hours One listing gives Monday to Thursday, 9:00 AM–5:00 PM, and Friday, 9:00 AM–1:00 PM. Another gives Monday to Thursday, 9:00 AM–6:00 PM, and Friday, 9:00 AM–4:00 PM.
- Admission Free. Advance booking is required for guided tours. book here
Palais de la Nation
- Location Rue de la Loi, just south of Luxembourg Square.
- Hours Monday to Friday, 9:00 AM–4:00 PM.
- Admission Free entry; guided tours are available. book here
House of European History
- Location Close to the European Parliament.
- Hours One listing gives Tuesday to Friday, 9:00 AM–6:00 PM, and weekends, 10:00 AM–6:00 PM. Another gives Tuesday to Sunday, 10:00 AM–6:00 PM.
- Admission Free. more information
Musée Wiertz
- Location Just south of the square.
- Hours Tuesday to Friday, 10:00 AM–12:00 PM and 1:00 PM–5:00 PM.
- Admission Free. more information
Getting there and accessibility
The square is served by several metro and bus lines. Trône is the closest metro station, and Luxembourg train station is nearby. The square and surrounding area are wheelchair accessible, as are the surrounding attractions; most attractions are described as accessible, but venue details should be checked in advance. Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the square.
Tips
- Timing Spring and summer are recommended for the gardens in bloom and pleasant weather. Spring and early autumn are also suggested for mild weather and gardens in bloom.
- Weekdays The square is busy with European political activity, including suited politicians and conversations spilling out from nearby cafes.
- Lunchtime Office workers come to the square for fresh air and food-stall offerings.
- Evenings and weekends The atmosphere is more relaxed, with locals and tourists strolling, admiring the architecture or resting on benches.
- Food and drink Food stalls offer international flavours, including Belgian fries, Italian pasta and Greek gyros, especially at lunchtime. Cafes and restaurants around the square serve traditional Belgian meals and international food; visitors can also stop for coffee or dinner overlooking the illuminated square.
- Souvenirs Souvenir stalls sell items including postcards, magnets, Belgian chocolates and lace.
- Photography and people-watching The statue, gardens, European Parliament, surrounding architecture and markets are among the subjects to photograph. A bench and a coffee offer a place to watch the square’s mix of politicians and tourists.
- Events Check event listings for concerts, markets and festivals.
Nearby places
The European Quarter around the square has restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs and nightlife, with food ranging from traditional Belgian cuisine to international options. Nearby places to explore include the European Parliament, Parc Leopold (also referred to as Leopold Park, with picturesque ponds and greenery), and the Royal Palace of Brussels, all described as within walking distance. Luxembourg Palace is not open to the public, but its architecture can be admired from outside.
FAQ
What are Luxembourg Square’s visiting hours?
The square is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Nearby attractions have their own opening hours.
Is there an entry fee for Luxembourg Square?
No. It is a public space and free to visit.
What is the best time to visit?
Spring and summer are ideal for seeing the gardens in bloom. Spring and early autumn are also recommended for mild weather. Weekdays offer a busier political atmosphere, while evenings and weekends are more relaxed.
Are there guided tours?
Yes. Guided tours are available for the square and several nearby attractions. European Parliament tours can be booked in advance online: book here. Check specific attraction websites for tour details.
Is there a market at Luxembourg Square?
Yes. Markets take place on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Are the European Parliament and House of European History free to visit?
Both offer free entry. Guided tours of the European Parliament may require advance booking.
Is Luxembourg Square accessible by public transport?
Yes. Several metro and bus lines serve the area, and Luxembourg train station is nearby.
Are the square and nearby attractions wheelchair accessible?
The square and surrounding area are wheelchair accessible. Most nearby attractions are also described as accessible, but check specific venue details in advance.