Gravestone of Charles Legendre in Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery Seoul Korea

Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery

Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery: Visiting Hours, Tickets, and Historical Guide in Seoul

Date: 15/06/2025

Introduction

Nestled atop a bluff in Seoul’s Mapo-gu district and overlooking the Han River, the Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery stands as a testament to Korea’s pivotal era of modernization and global engagement. Established in 1890, this historic cemetery is the final resting place for over 400 foreign missionaries, educators, medical pioneers, and expatriates who profoundly shaped modern Korean society. Notable figures such as Dr. Horace Newton Allen, Mary Scranton, Henry Appenzeller, and Horace Grant Underwood are interred here, recognized for their foundational roles in education, healthcare, and the introduction of Christianity to Korea. The cemetery’s Western-style tombstones, inscribed in numerous languages, reflect a unique cultural intersection during a transformative period in Korean history.

Beyond its function as a burial ground, Yanghwajin embodies the narrative of Korea’s opening to the wider world, illustrating the complexities of cross-cultural collaboration and the challenges of preserving such a site amidst urban expansion and historical debate. The tranquil grounds, accessible free of charge during regulated hours, offer guided tours in multiple languages and are supported by adjacent facilities like the Yanghwajin Memorial Hall, which deepens the visitor’s understanding of missionary history and intercultural dialogue.

This guide provides detailed information on the cemetery’s historical development, cultural significance, practical visitor logistics—including visiting hours and ticket policies—as well as preservation challenges and travel tips. Whether you are a history enthusiast, cultural explorer, or spiritual seeker, Yanghwajin offers a compelling window into Seoul’s historical landscape and the enduring impact of foreign missionary work on Korea’s modern trajectory (The Seoul Guide, Korea JoongAng Daily, Trip.com).

Historical Background and Development
Visitor Information
Preservation and Challenges
Notable Graves and Points of Interest
Nearby Attractions and Amenities
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Conclusion
References

Historical Background and Development

Origins and Establishment

The Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery was founded in 1890 following the death of John Heron, a Presbyterian minister. At the time, foreign nationals were prohibited from being buried within Seoul, and the Chemulpo Foreigners’ Cemetery in Incheon was the primary burial site for foreigners. Dr. Horace Newton Allen, a pioneering medical missionary, secured land on the Yanghwajin bluff, which King Gojong officially designated as an international cemetery, thus meeting the needs of the growing foreign community in Seoul (Wikipedia, The Seoul Guide).

Growth and Key Contributions

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Yanghwajin became the principal burial ground for foreign missionaries and other Western residents instrumental in Korea’s modernization. The missionaries established some of Korea’s most enduring institutions, including the country’s first Western-style hospital (Severance Hospital), Ewha Womans University, and important Protestant churches. Their influence extended beyond religion into the domains of education, women’s rights, and social reform (Visit Seoul, Embassy of the Republic of Korea to Nigeria).

Notable Interments

The cemetery holds graves of over 400 foreigners from more than 20 countries, including:

Dr. Horace Newton Allen: Medical missionary and diplomat.
Mary Scranton: Founder of Ewha Womans University.
Henry Appenzeller: Methodist missionary and educational pioneer.
Horace Grant Underwood: Founder of Yonsei University.
Rosetta Sherwood Hall: Medical missionary and founder of Korea’s first school for the deaf.
Thomas Bethell: Journalist and founder of Daehan Maeil Sinbo newspaper.
Homer Hulbert: Educator and independence activist.

Their contributions are memorialized with gravestones and plaques in English, Korean, and other languages (Namu Wiki).

Architectural and Cultural Features

Distinct from traditional Korean burial sites, Yanghwajin features Western-style headstones and monuments. The adjacent 100th Anniversary Memorial Church and Mission Memorial Hall further commemorate the century-long legacy of missionary work and serve as centers for education and remembrance (Visit Seoul).

Relationship to Nearby Sites

The cemetery is located near the Jeoldusan Martyrs’ Shrine, which honors Korean Catholic martyrs, highlighting the layered and sometimes fraught history of Christianity in Korea (The Seoul Guide).

Visitor Information

Visiting Hours and Tickets

Regular Hours:
- Monday to Saturday: 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM
- Sunday: Closed to the public (reserved for worship and private visits)
Extended Hours: May be available during major holidays and special events—check official sources before visiting.
Admission: Free; no tickets required. Donations are encouraged to support maintenance and preservation (Trip.com).

Directions and Accessibility

Address: 46 Yanghwajin-gil, Hapjeong-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Subway: Hapjeong Station (Lines 2 and 6), Exit 7; 5–10 minute walk
Bus and Taxi: Multiple routes serve the area; parking is limited, so public transit is advised

The cemetery is wheelchair accessible, with paved paths and ramps, though some areas are steep due to the hillside. Restrooms and a small café are available near the entrance.

Guided Tours and Facilities

Guided Tours: Available in English, Japanese, and other languages, often on weekends or by appointment. Four daily tours (10:00, 11:30, 14:00, 15:30) are offered, except on major holidays. Advance booking is recommended (WalkintoKorea).
Facilities: Memorial Hall with exhibits and educational resources; benches and shaded areas for reflection

Visitor Etiquette

Remain quiet and respectful; avoid loud conversations
Photography is permitted—do not photograph mourners or private ceremonies
No picnicking or recreational activities
Dispose of trash properly
Dress modestly in respect for the site’s religious and cultural significance

Travel Tips

Wear comfortable shoes; the terrain can be uneven
Visit in spring or autumn for the best weather and scenic views
Combine your visit with nearby attractions like Hongdae, Seonyudo Park, and the Jeoldusan Martyrs’ Shrine
Allow at least one hour for your visit; more for those interested in history

Preservation and Challenges

Maintenance and Environmental Concerns

Ongoing maintenance is required to combat damage from weather, pollution, and urban encroachment. The site faces threats such as soil erosion, flooding, and air pollution from nearby development. Restoration is managed by the 100th Anniversary Memorial Church, but funding and specialized expertise are ongoing concerns (WalkintoKorea).

Cultural Sensitivities and Legacy

As a Protestant landmark, Yanghwajin is revered by many Korean Christians, yet its Western style and missionary legacy spark debate about cultural change and foreign influence. Annual memorial services, educational programs, and multilingual signage promote tolerance and inclusivity, while also acknowledging complex historical narratives (Asia Missions Advance).

Management and Legal Issues

Ownership and administration have seen disputes among Protestant denominations and missionary groups, impacting maintenance and access. Legal frameworks govern burial rights and cultural property protection, and public forums are held to address ethical concerns surrounding interpretation and privacy (Asia Missions Advance).

Notable Graves and Points of Interest

Horace Grant Underwood: Founder of Yonsei University
Henry Appenzeller: Founder of Paichai School
Mary Scranton: Founder of Ewha Womans University
Rosetta Sherwood Hall: Founder of Korea’s first school for the deaf
Homer Hulbert: American educator and independence supporter

Informational plaques and boards throughout the grounds provide context and biographical details (Namu Wiki).

Nearby Attractions and Amenities

Hongdae (Hongik University Area): Youthful culture, street performances, cafes
Seonyudo Park: Island park on the Han River
Mangwon Market: Traditional market with street food and produce
N Seoul Tower: Iconic city views (Trip.com)

Various cafes, restaurants, and accommodation options are nearby, especially in Hongdae and Mapo.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What are the visiting hours at Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery?
A: Monday to Saturday, 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM. Closed Sundays. Guided tours are available at scheduled times.

Q: Is there an admission fee or ticket required?
A: Admission is free; no tickets are required. Donations are appreciated.

Q: Are guided tours available?
A: Yes, in multiple languages. Advance booking is recommended.

Q: Is the cemetery accessible for visitors with disabilities?
A: Yes, there are paved paths and ramps, but some areas are steep.

Q: Can I take photographs?
A: Photography is allowed with respect for the solemn atmosphere.

Q: What attractions are nearby?
A: Hongdae, Seonyudo Park, Mangwon Market, N Seoul Tower, and Jeoldusan Martyrs’ Shrine.

Conclusion

Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery is a serene and historically rich site that honors the international figures who shaped Korea’s modernization. Its tranquil grounds and informative exhibits offer both reflection and education, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in Seoul’s cultural and religious history. By observing respectful visitor guidelines and engaging with the cemetery’s layered history, visitors contribute to the ongoing preservation and appreciation of this unique landmark.

For the latest updates on visiting hours, guided tours, and events, consult official resources and trusted travel platforms. To deepen your experience, download the Audiala app for multilingual guides and up-to-date visitor information.