Býčí Skála

Comprehensive Guide to Visiting Býčí skála, Brno, Czech Republic

Date: 24/07/2024

Introduction

Býčí skála, nestled in the heart of the Moravian Karst within the Josefovské Valley, is a site that captivates both history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Known for its extensive cave system and rich archaeological history, Býčí skála offers a unique glimpse into the past, spanning from the Paleolithic era to modern times. The cave’s historical significance was first brought to light in 1872 by Jindřich Wankel, whose discovery of the Hallstatt-era burial site revealed a plethora of artifacts that continue to intrigue scholars and visitors (Wikipedia). Furthermore, Býčí skála’s geological wonders, including stunning stalactite and stalagmite formations, make it a must-visit destination for tourists exploring the Moravian Karst region. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of Býčí skála, detailing its historical significance, practical visitor information, and highlights of this remarkable site.

Introduction
Historical Significance
Visitor Information
Conclusion

Historical Significance

Early Human Presence

Býčí skála has been a site of human activity for millennia. The cave’s entrance was frequented by humans as early as the Paleolithic era. Archaeological evidence indicates that it was used during various periods, including the Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age (Hallstatt and La Tène periods), Roman era, and even into the Slavic period and the Middle Ages (Wikipedia).

Hallstatt Burial Discovery

One of the most significant archaeological discoveries at Býčí skála was made in 1872 by Jindřich Wankel, often referred to as the father of Moravian archaeology. Wankel unearthed a Hallstatt-era grave in the entrance chamber of the cave. This grave, dating back to the Iron Age, contained a wealth of artifacts, including animal and material offerings, crops, textiles, ceramic and sheet-metal vessels, jewelry, glass, and amber beads. Among the most notable finds was a bronze statuette of a bull, which has since become emblematic of the site (Showcaves).

Interpretation of the Burial Site

The Hallstatt burial site at Býčí skála has been the subject of much scholarly debate. Initially, the grave was interpreted as that of a nobleman, accompanied by the remains of 40 young women who were believed to have been ritually killed to accompany him in the afterlife. This interpretation, while romantic, has been largely disproven by modern archaeological methods. Nevertheless, the site remains a crucial piece of evidence for understanding the social and cultural practices of the Hallstatt period (Archeologické léto).

Paleolithic Settlements

In addition to the Hallstatt burial, Býčí skála has yielded evidence of even earlier human activity. Excavations in the Southern Branch of the cave revealed settlements from the Paleolithic era, specifically the Magdalenian period. These findings include tools and other artifacts that suggest the cave was used as a seasonal hunting camp by reindeer hunters. The stable climate and availability of resources such as water and chert (a type of rock used for tool-making) made it an ideal location for these early inhabitants (Archeologické léto).

Medieval and Modern Usage

The cave continued to be of interest well into the medieval and modern periods. The first written mention of Býčí skála dates back to 1663, when it was described by a monk from the Zábrdovice Monastery. The cave was also visited by notable figures such as Emperor Francis I and his wife Maria Theresa in the early 19th century. During World War II, the cave was used for military purposes, which led to some damage but also spurred further archaeological interest and exploration (Wikipedia).

Speleological Exploration

Systematic speleological exploration of Býčí skála began in the early 20th century. In 1902, members of the Verein der deutschen Touristen in Brünn, Gruppe für Höhlenforschung (a German caving group in Brno), started detailed studies of the cave. Their efforts led to significant discoveries, including the overcoming of the Šenkův siphon in 1920, which opened up new sections of the cave for exploration. Czech cavers continued this work from 1947 to 1985, mapping the underground course of the Jedovnice Creek and connecting Býčí skála with other parts of the cave system (Byčí skála).

Modern Archaeological Research

In recent years, Býčí skála has been the focus of renewed archaeological interest. Modern techniques and methods have allowed researchers to re-examine previous findings and uncover new information about the site’s historical significance. These efforts have confirmed the cave’s importance as a speleoarchaeological site, providing valuable insights into the lives of its ancient inhabitants (Archeologické léto).

Visitor Information

Tickets and Visiting Hours

Býčí skála is generally closed to the public from October 1 to April 30 to protect the hibernating bat populations. The ‘Days of Open Doors’ offer a rare glimpse into this fascinating underground world. In 2024, these events are scheduled for June 15-16, June 22-23, and June 29-30. During these days, guided tours are available from 9 AM to 4 PM, regardless of weather conditions. It is highly recommended to register in advance due to the limited availability and high demand (kudyznudy.cz).

Location and Accessibility

Býčí skála is situated in the central part of the Moravian Karst, specifically in the Josefovské Valley between the town of Adamov and the village of Křtiny. The cave is part of the second longest cave system in the Czech Republic, with a known length of over 13 kilometers (touristlink.com).

Tour Details

The tours offer a unique opportunity to explore parts of the cave that are usually inaccessible to the public. The paths within the cave are not paved, so visitors are advised to wear sturdy footwear and warm clothing, such as long pants and a sweater or jacket, as the cave maintains a cool temperature year-round. Unfortunately, pets are not allowed inside the cave (kudyznudy.cz).

Special Features and Attractions

Archaeological Significance

Býčí skála is renowned for its archaeological findings, including a Neolithic cave painting, the oldest known in the Czech Republic. This painting, a geometric shape resembling a grill, measures 30x40 cm and was created using coal, dated to be approximately 5,200 years old (touristlink.com). Additionally, significant discoveries were made by Dr. Jiří Wankel, including a Hallstatt burial site with over 40 skeletons and numerous Bronze Age artifacts. Another notable find is a bronze bull figurine discovered by the Felkl brothers (kudyznudy.cz).

Natural Beauty

The cave is part of the Moravian Karst, one of the most significant karst areas in Central Europe, featuring over 1,100 known caves. The Moravian Karst is famous for its stunning underground rivers, stalactites, and stalagmites. The Jedovnický brook runs through the cave, adding to its natural allure (touristlink.com).

Nearby Attractions

Rudické propadání

Together with the Rudické propadání cave system, Býčí skála forms the second longest cave system in the Czech Republic. The Rudické propadání is known for its underground river that disappears into the cave, creating a fascinating natural phenomenon (kudyznudy.cz).

Old Iron Works in Adamov

Located not far from Býčí skála, the Old Iron Works in Adamov is a technology museum featuring well-preserved remains of an 18th-century metallurgical industry complex, including a large 10-meter-high blast furnace. The museum offers a permanent exhibition on iron processing and occasional live demonstrations of historical melting procedures (cherylhoward.com).

Practical Tips

Booking and Registration

Given the limited accessibility of Býčí skála, it is crucial to book your visit in advance. Registration can be done online through the official website of the Moravian Karst Administration or other local tourism websites. This ensures you secure a spot on the guided tours during the ‘Days of Open Doors’ (kudyznudy.cz).

What to Bring

Visitors should come prepared with sturdy footwear suitable for uneven and potentially slippery surfaces. Warm clothing is also recommended due to the cave’s cool temperature. Additionally, if you plan to take photographs, you may need to purchase a special permit (cherylhoward.com).

Safety Considerations

While the cave is generally safe for visitors, it is essential to follow the guidelines provided by the tour guides. The paths are not paved, and the terrain can be challenging, so caution is advised. Pets are not allowed inside the cave, and it is recommended to leave them at home or in a pet-friendly accommodation nearby (kudyznudy.cz).

Language and Communication

Tours are available in multiple languages, catering to international visitors. It is advisable to check the language options when booking your tour to ensure you can fully understand and appreciate the information provided by the guides (cherylhoward.com).

Additional Information

For those interested in extreme caving, Býčí skála offers opportunities for trained professionals to participate in more dangerous caving expeditions. However, these are not open to the general public and require specific training and equipment (cherylhoward.com).

FAQ

What are the visiting hours for Býčí skála?

The cave is open to visitors during the ‘Days of Open Doors’ in June, with guided tours available from 9 AM to 4 PM.

How can I buy tickets for Býčí skála?

Tickets can be purchased online through the official website of the Moravian Karst Administration or other local tourism websites.

Conclusion

Býčí skála stands as a testament to the rich historical and geological tapestry of the Moravian Karst. From its early use by Paleolithic hunters to its significance during the Hallstatt period, the cave has been a crucial site for understanding human history and cultural practices. Modern archaeological methods continue to shed light on its past, reaffirming its importance as a speleoarchaeological site (Archeologické léto). For visitors, Býčí skála offers a unique blend of historical intrigue and natural beauty. Whether exploring the cave’s archaeological treasures or marveling at its geological formations, Býčí skála promises a memorable experience. With limited public access, special events like the ‘Days of Open Doors’ provide a rare opportunity to explore this hidden gem. Plan your visit to Býčí skála and immerse yourself in the history and natural wonders of the Moravian Karst.