Jews outside the Synagogue in Krystalgade, Copenhagen

Great Synagogue

The Great Synagogue of Copenhagen: Visiting Hours, Tickets, and Historical Significance

Date: 15/06/2025

Introduction

The Great Synagogue of Copenhagen stands as a monumental testament to the enduring history, cultural richness, and resilience of Denmark’s Jewish community. Since its inauguration in 1833, following the emancipation of Danish Jews, the synagogue has served as both a vibrant center of Orthodox worship and a symbol of survival and unity. Architecturally distinguished by its blend of neoclassical and Egyptian Revival styles, the synagogue remains a vital landmark in Copenhagen’s urban and cultural landscape. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of its historical background, architectural highlights, practical visitor information—including visiting hours and tickets—and essential tips to ensure a meaningful visit.

For further exploration and authoritative updates, consult resources such as Mosaiske.dk, Everything.Explained.Today, and Jewish Copenhagen.

Interior of the Synagogue in Copenhagen with ornate ceiling and chandelier

Interior of the Great Synagogue of Copenhagen with traditional architecture and seating

Synagogen i Krystalgade historic synagogue building in oriental style

Aerial view of the synagogue in Krystalgade, Copenhagen, Denmark

Historical Background

Early Jewish Settlement and Community Formation

Jewish life in Denmark began in 1622, when King Christian IV extended an invitation to Jewish families, seeking to boost trade and economic development. Copenhagen quickly became the nucleus of Jewish religious and social life. The first rabbi, Abraham Salomon, was appointed in 1687, and by the mid-1700s, the city’s Jewish population had grown enough to warrant the construction of its first synagogue in 1766. After this building was destroyed by a fire in 1795, the community worshipped in private homes until internal divisions were resolved decades later (Everything.Explained.Today).

Emancipation and the Construction of the Great Synagogue

The pivotal Royal Decree of 1814 granted Jews civil rights, sowing the seeds for the construction of a prominent new synagogue. Designed by architect Gustav Friedrich Hetsch, the Great Synagogue was completed in 1833, becoming not only a house of worship but also a symbol of Jewish integration and resilience within Danish society (Mosaiske.dk).

Architectural Significance

Exterior and Facade

The synagogue’s facade features a striking row of 12 pillars symbolizing the 12 tribes of Israel. The yellow brick exterior and neoclassical lines reflect the architectural trends of 19th-century Europe, while regulations of the period required the building to be set back from the street, contributing to its understated elegance (Visit Copenhagen).

Interior Features

The sanctuary can seat up to 900 worshippers, making it the largest Jewish house of worship in Denmark. Inside, a central bimah and a prominent ark (Aron Kodesh) framed by Egyptian-inspired motifs are focal points. The interior’s blend of neoclassical symmetry, Egyptian Revival columns, and gold accents creates a unique “oriental” atmosphere. Natural light streams through trapezoidal windows, and intricate woodwork and gilded details add to the grandeur (Synagogues360).

Memorials and Contemporary Additions

A memorial inside the synagogue honors Danish Jews who perished in the Holocaust, seamlessly integrating remembrance into the fabric of religious and community life (Synagogues360).

Role in Jewish Community and Key Historical Events

Community Hub

Since its opening, the Great Synagogue has served as the spiritual, cultural, and administrative heart of Denmark’s Jewish community. It hosts daily Orthodox services, major life-cycle events, holiday celebrations, and educational programs, supported by a network of institutions including schools and social organizations (Mosaiske.dk).

The Rescue of Danish Jews in World War II

During the Nazi occupation in 1943, the Danish people orchestrated the rescue of over 7,000 Jews, ferrying them to safety in Sweden. The synagogue’s Torah scrolls were hidden in the nearby Trinitatis Church, underscoring the community’s resilience and the solidarity of Danish society (Everything.Explained.Today).

Modern Challenges and Resilience

The synagogue has faced adversity, including the 1985 terrorist bombing (which caused no injuries at the synagogue) and the tragic 2015 shooting during a bat mitzvah, which claimed the life of a community member and wounded two police officers. These events have reinforced the importance of security and community solidarity (Everything.Explained.Today).

Visiting the Great Synagogue Copenhagen

Location

Address: Krystalgade 12, 1172 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Nearby Attractions: Round Tower, National Museum of Denmark, Strøget shopping street

Visiting Hours

General Hours: Monday to Friday, 10:00 AM–4:00 PM; Sunday, 12:00 PM–3:00 PM
Closed: Saturdays (Shabbat) and Jewish holidays
Tip: Always verify current visiting hours on the official website or by contacting the synagogue before your visit.

Tickets and Admission

Admission: Free; donations are appreciated to support the synagogue’s maintenance and community activities.
Guided Tours: Available for a small fee. Booking in advance is recommended, especially during peak seasons (Jewish Copenhagen).

Accessibility and Security

Accessibility: Ramps and accessible restrooms are available. Contact the synagogue in advance for additional accommodations.
Security Protocols: All visitors must present valid photo ID and pass through a security check. Large bags are discouraged.

Photography and Visitor Conduct

Photography: Permitted in designated areas outside of religious services. Always seek permission before taking photos.
Dress Code: Modest attire is required. Men are expected to cover their heads; women should cover shoulders and knees.

Guided Tours and Special Events

Tours: Provide in-depth insights into the synagogue’s history, architecture, and Jewish traditions.
Events: Lectures, concerts, and commemorations are regularly hosted—check the event calendar for details.

Essential Visitor Tips

Arrive early to allow time for security checks and to avoid crowds.
Respect the religious setting by maintaining a quiet demeanor and following all posted guidelines.
Enhance your visit by combining the synagogue tour with the Danish Jewish Museum or a Jewish heritage walking tour (Danish Jewish Museum).
Public transport is recommended due to limited parking in the city center (nearest station: Nørreport).

Nearby Jewish Heritage and Historical Sites

Danish Jewish Museum: Offers exhibits on Jewish life and history in Denmark.
Jewish Cemetery (Mosaisk Vestre Begravelsesplads): One of the oldest in Denmark.
Dragør Fishing Village: Notable for its role in the 1943 rescue of Danish Jews.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the Great Synagogue Copenhagen visiting hours?
Generally Monday to Friday, 10:00 AM–4:00 PM, and Sunday, 12:00 PM–3:00 PM. Closed Saturdays and Jewish holidays.

Is there an admission fee or are tickets required?
Admission is free; donations are welcomed. Guided tours may require a booking fee.

Are guided tours available?
Yes, tours are led by knowledgeable members and can be booked in advance.

Is the synagogue accessible to people with disabilities?
Yes, it features ramps and accessible restrooms.

Is photography allowed?
Photography is usually allowed outside of services; always ask for permission.

Summary and Encouragement to Explore

The Great Synagogue of Copenhagen remains a cornerstone of Jewish heritage and cultural diversity in Denmark. Its unique architectural synthesis, storied past, and ongoing community role make it a must-visit for travelers, history enthusiasts, and scholars alike. With welcoming visitor policies, free admission, and rich educational offerings, the synagogue provides a profound window into the Jewish experience in Denmark. Plan your visit with the help of official resources, and consider enhancing your experience with the Audiala app’s audio guides and interactive content.

References and Further Resources

Plan your visit today to discover the enduring spirit and architectural marvel of the Great Synagogue of Copenhagen. Download the Audiala app for audio guides, and follow us on social media for updates, events, and cultural insights.