What the Assault on Copenhagen Commemorates
The Assault on Copenhagen refers to two major events in Danish history: the Swedish siege of 1659 during the Second Northern War and the British bombardment of 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. Both episodes reflect Copenhagen’s strategic maritime importance and the resilience of its citizens. Fortifications, museums, and memorials around the city offer ways to explore their history (Wikipedia; danishhistory.github.io; Wikipedia; Medium).
Official tourism resources provide guided tours, interactive maps, and multimedia material about Copenhagen’s history (visitcopenhagen.com; copenhagen.com).
History
The siege of 1659
In February 1659, during the Second Northern War, Copenhagen faced an overwhelming Swedish attack. Despite harsh conditions and previous territorial losses, the city’s defenders—supported by Dutch forces—repelled the assault, preserving Danish sovereignty. The defence became a defining story of Danish unity and resilience, involving citizens, Danish soldiers, and Dutch allies (Wikipedia; Medium; Mapzen).
The Dutch fleet’s intervention established lasting ties between Denmark and the Netherlands, later commemorated through cultural exchanges and historical remembrance (Wikipedia; Medium).
The bombardment of 1807
The 1807 Assault on Copenhagen, also known as the Second Battle of Copenhagen, took place during the Napoleonic Wars. Denmark-Norway was neutral and had significant naval strength. The rivalry between Napoleonic France and Great Britain put Denmark in a precarious position: Napoleon’s Continental System aimed to choke British trade, and Britain feared that Denmark’s fleet might fall into French hands. British demands to secure the fleet were unsuccessful (Wikipedia; danishhistory.github.io).
On August 16, 1807, around 30,000 British troops landed near Copenhagen, greatly outnumbering the 13,000 Danish defenders. The British fleet, led by Admiral Gambier, issued an ultimatum demanding Denmark’s navy. Denmark refused, and on September 2 the British began a bombardment using artillery and Congreve rockets (danishhistory.github.io; Wikipedia).
The bombardment caused fires, widespread destruction, and civilian casualties. It has been described as one of Europe’s first examples of terror bombing. While early estimates put the death toll higher, modern research places civilian deaths at around 200, with 768 injured and more than 1,000 buildings destroyed. The damage altered the city’s urban landscape and demonstrated the vulnerability of civilians in modern warfare (Wikipedia; danishhistory.github.io).
On September 5, Denmark sought peace and surrendered its fleet and naval stores to Britain. The shipyards were deliberately damaged to prevent a future naval resurgence. Denmark’s maritime power declined, and the country was forced into the Continental System, although its military role remained limited (danishhistory.github.io; Wikipedia).
The attack on a neutral nation drew widespread European condemnation and contributed to the Anglo-Russian War of 1807. The term “to Copenhagenize” came to refer to the preemptive neutralization of a perceived threat. The events are regarded as a turning point in Danish and European history, with lasting effects on urban and national identity (Wikipedia).
What to See and Do
Copenhagen’s fortifications and historic sites connect visitors with the city’s military past:
- Kastellet, old ramparts, and bastions These fortifications and their remnants reflect the city’s defensive history. The siege of 1659 influenced city planning and led to enhanced fortifications, shaping modern Copenhagen’s layout.
- Rytterstatue of Absalon A monument associated with Copenhagen’s historical heritage (Kopenhagen.com; True Scandinavia).
- Holmen Naval Base Tours are available during special events and offer a look at historic docks and naval buildings. Check tourism websites for dates and ticket information.
- National Museum of Denmark Its collections include artifacts and exhibitions about the Napoleonic Wars and the 1807 bombardment.
- Danish War Museum (Krigsmuseet) Focuses on Denmark’s military history.
- Interactive and online experiences Interactive maps are available through Copenhagen Visitor Service. Online virtual tours and documentaries offer further perspectives on the sieges and their impact.
The city’s history is also commemorated through local customs. On Denmark’s Liberation Day, May 4th, candles in windows symbolize endurance through adversity, echoing the city’s resilience during past sieges (copenhagen.com).
Practical Visiting Information
Opening hours and admission
- City ramparts and bastions Open year-round and free of charge.
- National Museum of Denmark Usually open daily, 10:00–17:00. Adult tickets are approximately 95 DKK. A broader listing for the Copenhagen City Museum and National Museum of Denmark gives typical hours of 10:00–17:00 daily and ticket prices of 80–120 DKK.
- Danish War Museum (Krigsmuseet) Open Tuesday to Sunday, 10:00–16:00; tickets cost around 60 DKK.
- Outdoor sites and museums generally Outdoor sites are free, while museums charge admission; museums generally open around 10:00–17:00. Check individual sites for details.
For current updates and event schedules, see visitcopenhagen.com.
Tours, accessibility, and facilities
Themed guided tours and seasonal reenactments are offered by local operators and museums, especially during summer. Many museums and companies also offer tours focused on the assaults. Holmen Naval Base tours take place during special events.
Most sites are easy to reach by public transport or bicycle. Copenhagen’s airport and public transport make the city accessible. Many locations are wheelchair accessible, but accessibility varies; some older fortifications may have limitations. Check individual sites in advance for specific access needs.
The city centre has restrooms, cafes, and restaurants. Historical reenactments and commemorative activities may take place around significant anniversaries.
Assault On Copenhagen escape room
Assault On Copenhagen is a centrally located, immersive escape room attraction using interactive storytelling and themed puzzles to bring Danish history to life. It is within walking distance of major landmarks including Tivoli Gardens and Nyhavn.
- Hours Typically 10:00–22:00 daily; confirm on the official website before visiting.
- Tickets Prices range from 200–350 DKK per person. Booking online in advance is recommended, especially during peak times.
- Group size Usually 2–6 participants.
- Age suitability Most rooms are suitable for ages 12 and up; check for family-friendly options.
- Accessibility Contact the venue in advance about specific accommodations.
- Payment Most major credit cards are accepted; tipping is optional (TravelPander; VisitCopenhagen).
Tips
- Danish weather is variable. Dress in layers, bring a waterproof jacket, and wear comfortable walking shoes (lonelyplanet.com).
- Biking is popular and efficient (happytowander.com).
- Copenhagen is largely cashless, and credit and debit cards are widely accepted.
- Copenhagen is very safe.
- Museum tickets can be bought online or at the entrance. The Copenhagen Card is described as a cost-effective option for visiting multiple attractions and offers savings on many attractions.
- For updates, tour bookings, travel tips, and interactive guides, consult official tourism channels and the Audiala app.
Nearby Places
Nyhavn harbor, Amalienborg Palace, and Christiansborg Palace are within walking distance of historical sites and provide further context on Copenhagen’s royal, political, and military history. The National Museum is also among the recommended nearby visits (copenhagenyouthhostel.dk; visitcopenhagen.com; visitcopenhagen.com).
FAQ: Visiting the Assault on Copenhagen Sites
Are guided tours available?
Yes. Museums and tour companies offer tours focused on the assaults. Themed tours and seasonal reenactments are also available through local operators and museums, especially during summer.
Are the ramparts free to visit?
Yes. City ramparts and bastions are free and open year-round.
Are the sites accessible?
Many major sites are accessible, but access varies. Check individual sites in advance, particularly if you have specific needs; some older fortifications may have limitations.
How can I buy museum tickets?
Tickets can be bought online or at the entrance. The Copenhagen Card is a cost-effective option for multiple attractions.
