What the Trail Is
The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail commemorates the Chesapeake Campaign of the War of 1812. Spanning over 560 miles across Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, the trail connects historic sites and routes taken by American and British troops. It includes land and water routes, which visitors can explore by hiking, biking, boating, and geocaching (NPS; NPS).
Anchored by sites such as Fort McHenry, where the sight of the American flag inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem that became the national anthem, the trail offers historical landmarks, educational exhibits, and recreational opportunities (Smithsonian Magazine).
History
The War of 1812 and the Chesapeake Campaign
The War of 1812, often called “America’s Second War for Independence,” lasted from 1812 to 1815 and was fought primarily between the United States and the British Empire. The Chesapeake Bay region was a significant theater of war. British military raids and blockades affected American shipping and local communities (NPS).
The trail was authorized by the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008.
British Raids and the Burning of Washington, D.C.
In the summer of 1814, British forces launched a major offensive in the Chesapeake Bay area. They captured and burned Washington, D.C., setting fire to several key buildings, including the United States Capitol and the White House, then known as the President’s House (Smithsonian Magazine).
The Battle of Baltimore and Fort McHenry
After attacking Washington, British forces turned their attention to Baltimore, a vital port city and a hub for American privateers who had been harassing British shipping. The Battle of Baltimore took place from September 12 to 15, 1814. The British aimed to capture the city by attacking Fort McHenry, which guarded Baltimore’s harbor.
The bombardment of the fort began on the evening of September 13, 1814, and continued for 25 hours. The defenders, led by Major George Armistead, repelled the British assault. When Francis Scott Key saw the American flag still flying over the fort the next morning, he was inspired to write the poem that became the United States’ national anthem (NPS).
The Creation of “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Key, an American lawyer, witnessed the bombardment from a ship in the Patapsco River. He was there to negotiate the release of an American prisoner held by the British and was detained on a British ship during the attack. After seeing the flag still flying over the fort, he wrote a poem titled “Defence of Fort M'Henry.” It was later set to the tune of a popular British song and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The song became the United States’ national anthem in 1931 (NPS History).
What to See
Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine
Fort McHenry is the trail’s premier visitor and orientation center and the site of the famous battle. Visitors can explore educational exhibits, participate in ranger-led programs, and view the iconic flag that inspired the national anthem (Visit Maryland).
Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum
Located at the site of the Battle of St. Leonard’s Creek, the largest naval engagement in Maryland’s history, the park offers historical exhibitions, re-enactments, and archaeological programs (Visit Maryland).
Havre de Grace
This waterfront town was nearly destroyed by a British raid but was saved by its inhabitants. Historic buildings from that period still stand. Visitors can tour the Susquehanna Museum at the Lock House and Concord Point Lighthouse (Visit Maryland).
Battle Acre Park
Battle Acre Park commemorates the Battle of North Point, where American forces, including two teenage heroes known as the “Boy Martyrs of Baltimore,” resisted the British advance on Baltimore (Visit Maryland).
Events, Tours, and Photography
Sites along the trail host special events and guided tours throughout the year. The NPS events calendar lists reenactments, educational programs, and other special events.
Photo spots include Fort McHenry’s flag and historic fort, the waterfront views and historic buildings in Havre de Grace, and the landscapes and historical reenactments at Jefferson Patterson Park.
Practical Visiting Information
Most sites along the trail are open year-round, but operating hours and ticket prices vary. Check individual sites for specific visiting hours and ticket information. Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine operates daily from 9 AM to 5 PM and charges an entrance fee of $15 per person (NPS).
Tickets for Fort McHenry can be purchased on-site. Check individual sites for any specific ticket requirements or recommendations. Many sites offer guided tours; check with each site for availability and scheduling.
Tips
- Plan ahead Research the sites you plan to visit and check for seasonal closures or special events.
- Comfortable footwear Many sites involve walking or hiking, so wear comfortable shoes.
- Weather preparedness Check the weather forecast and dress appropriately.
- Guided tours Consider a guided tour for a more in-depth understanding of the historical significance.
- Photography Bring a camera to capture the scenic views and historical landmarks.
Nearby Places
The trail includes historic sites in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. Among its sites are Fort McHenry, Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum, Havre de Grace, and Battle Acre Park.
FAQ
What are the visiting hours for Fort McHenry?
Fort McHenry is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM.
Do I need to buy tickets in advance?
Tickets can be purchased on-site, but it is advisable to check individual sites for specific requirements or recommendations.
Are there guided tours available?
Yes. Many sites offer guided tours. Check with each site for availability and scheduling.
