亨格福德橋和五十週年紀念橋, 倫敦: Visitor Guide 2026

引言

亨格福德桥和金禧桥不仅是横跨泰晤士河的实用通道，更是伦敦创新、历史和城市活力的不朽象征。这两座桥梁连接着查令十字和历史悠久的北岸与文化气息浓厚的南岸，以其精湛的工程技术、便利的交通和壮丽的全景视野而闻名。无论您是历史爱好者、建筑迷，还是寻求难忘河畔漫步的旅行者，本指南都将为您提供所需的一切信息——包括历史、参观贴士、无障碍设施以及周边景点。

图片库

图览亨格福德橋和五十週年紀念橋

River Thames flowing through a city with historical buildings and greenery along the banks — Scenic view of the River Thames flowing through a city with historical architecture and green areas on its banks under a cloudy sky

Charing Cross Bridge painted by Alfred Sisley with river Thames and boats in view — Alfred Sisley's oil on canvas painting of Charing Cross Bridge featuring the river Thames and boats, displayed at the National Gallery London, inventory number L986

Painting of Charing Cross Bridge over the River Thames by Alfred Sisley — Alfred Sisley's 1874 painting depicting the Charing Cross Bridge over the River Thames in London, showcasing impressionist style and atmospheric river scene

Temporary footbridge over the Thames at Albert Embankment, London, 1945 — A 1945 view from the south of the Thames River at Albert Embankment in London showing a temporary footbridge constructed over the river. The image alludes to the historic Hungerford Market and Hungerford House near Charing Cross, with Waterloo to the south-east and east ends.

Oil painting of the Thames River by Angèle Delasalle — The Thames, oil on canvas painting by Angèle Delasalle measuring 51 x 76 cm, depicting the serene river scene.

Charing Cross Bridge in London painted by Camille Pissarro in 1890 — Painting of Charing Cross Bridge in London created by Camille Pissarro in 1890, showcasing historic architecture and river scene

Charing Cross Bridge in London painted by Camille Pissarro — Oil on canvas painting of Charing Cross Bridge in London by French artist Camille Pissarro, created in 1890, from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon

Charing Cross Bridge with sunlight effect in mist pastel artwork by Claude Monet from 1900 or 1901 — Charing Cross Bridge, effet de soleil dans la brume, a pastel on paper by Claude Monet created in 1900 or 1901. The artwork measures 31 x 47.5 cm and is signed by Monet on the lower left. It depicts a misty scene with sunlight illuminating the bridge, showcasing Monet's impressionist style.

Charing Cross Bridge in London pastel painting by Claude Monet, 1900-1901 — Charing Cross Bridge in London, pastel on paper artwork by Claude Monet, created in 1900 or 1901. Measures 30 x 47 cm. Signed by Monet. Belongs to a private collection. Referenced in Wildenstein 1991 Catalogue Raisonné Vol. V, and Wildenstein-Plattner Institute digital archives.

Charing Cross Bridge illuminated at night with reflections in the water — Mezzotint print of Charing Cross Bridge at night by J. Pennell, showing the bridge's illumination and reflections on the river, 30x25.3 cm plate size

Hungerford Suspension Bridge circa 1845 — Historic Hungerford Suspension Bridge as it appeared around 1845, showcasing early suspension bridge architecture.

Section of the Thames Embankment in 1867 showing The Subway, The Low-level Sewer, Metropolitan District Railway, and Pneumatic Railway — Historical diagram from 1867 depicting a section of the Thames Embankment with detailed labels of The Subway, The Low-level Sewer, Metropolitan District Railway, and the Pneumatic Railway intended to link Charing Cross and Waterloo

布鲁内尔的悬索人行桥（1845年）

19世纪中叶，随着伦敦的迅速扩张，亨格福德市场公司委托著名工程师伊桑巴德·金德·布鲁内尔设计一座人行悬索桥，以吸引更多游客前往市场。这座开创性的桥梁于1845年落成，全长1,462英尺（约446米），是当时英国最长的悬索桥。其锻铁链条和优美的轮廓使其成为工程奇迹和伦敦的地标之一（Google Arts & Culture）。

改建为铁路桥（1864年）

随着铁路时代的到来，伦敦的重心转向了大众交通。1864年，布鲁内尔的人行桥被拆除，其链条被重新用于布里斯托的克利夫顿悬索桥。同年，由约翰·霍克肖爵士设计的新亨格福德铁路桥落成，为连接查令十字与泰晤士河南岸提供了至关重要的铁路通道。这种注重实用性的设计反映了工业时代对耐用性和承载力的追求（Tootbus）。

建筑演变

现代化与行人通行需求

几十年来，铁路桥上仅设有一条狭窄、暴露的行人通道。随着20世纪后期南岸发展成为充满活力的艺术区，对更安全、更易于通行的行人过街通道的需求日益迫切。旧的步行道因其不舒适和不安全（尤其是在夜间）而受到批评（alondoninheritance.com）。

金禧人行桥：设计与建造（1996–2003年）

1996年，一项国际竞赛选定了Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands建筑事务所与WSP Group合作设计并排的人行桥。这些斜拉桥每座长320米，宽超过4米，拥有倾斜的桥塔和错综复杂的悬索网络，在城市天际线勾勒出时尚的轮廓。这两座桥于2003年开通，以庆祝女王伊丽莎白二世的金禧年，提供了无障碍通道，并已成为伦敦最繁忙的行人通道之一（Illuminated River；London Blog）。

建造过程是一项重大的工程成就，需要在维持铁路运营和保护地下线路的同时进行。这些桥梁不仅提高了安全性和可达性，还提供了壮观的景色，并沿着泰晤士河带来了新的美学和谐（Square Mile Health Walks）。