国会厅, 費城: Visitor Guide 2026

引言

坐落于费城第六街与栗子街交汇处的历史一角，国会大厅是早期美国民主的里程碑。这里曾是美国国会于1790年至1800年间的会议地点，见证了《权利法案》的批准以及乔治·华盛顿到约翰·亚当斯之间总统权力的和平交接等关键时刻。如今，国会大厅作为独立国家历史公园的一部分被妥善保存，为游客提供了踏足美国基本理念诞生之地的机会 (宪法步行之旅; 新英格兰遗失之地; 历史一击; 国家公园管理局官网; 费城旅游局)。

图片库

图览国会厅

6th Street in Philadelphia with storefronts and pedestrians — A vibrant view of 6th Street in Philadelphia showing urban storefronts, pedestrians walking, and a clear sky above.

Horse drawn carriage near Independence Hall in Philadelphia — A horse-drawn carriage parked near the historic Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, showcasing a classic transportation method in a significant American landmark setting.

Soldiers parading down Chestnut Street past Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia — Historical photograph of soldiers saluting the Liberty Bell while parading down Chestnut Street near Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by the Phila. PA War Photo Committee.

Interior of Congress Hall with three rows of desks and chairs arranged in a semi-circle facing a raised dais — Color photo of Congress Hall interior, the meeting place of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1790 to 1800, featuring desks and chairs in semi-circle layout and a raised dais. Historical site where John Adams was inaugurated president in 1797 and significant legislation was debated.

Historic Congress Hall government building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with American flag flying — Historic Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a significant government facility. The color linen-textured postcard image showcases the building's colonial architecture with an American flag flying in front, captured in a 3.5 by 5.5 inch print.

Congress Hall historic building in Philadelphia under a blue sky — Image of Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a historic building originally captured by the Pennsylvania Department of Highways

Center medallion of a large Senate Chamber carpet with an eagle and 13 state seals surrounding it — Color photo of the Senate Chamber carpet center medallion featuring the Great Seal with an eagle in the center surrounded by the seals of the original 13 states, symbolizing liberty and justice linking all states in Congress Hall.

Congress Hall and New Theatre on Chestnut Street, Philadelphia in 1800 — Historic illustration of Congress Hall and New Theatre located on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, as depicted in Plate 20 of 'The City of Philadelphia as it appeared in the Year 1800' published by W. Birch.

Historic Congress Hall building in Philadelphia from 1904 — Congress Hall in Philadelphia as depicted in 1904, highlighting its significance as the birthplace of the nation and a pivotal location in American industry and history.

Hand-colored engraving of Congress Hall and New Theatre on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia — Hand-colored engraving depicting Congress Hall and New Theatre located on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, showcasing 19th-century architecture and street scene.

Cartoon drawing of Congress Hall, a red brick Georgian style building with a white cupola — Cartoon drawing of Congress Hall, the Georgian style red brick two-story capitol building in Philadelphia where the US Congress met from 1790 to 1800, during which time new states were added and presidential inaugurations of George Washington and John Adams were held.

Historical etching of Congressional pugilists boxing in a ring — 16.2 x 22.1 cm etching on wove paper depicting congressional pugilists boxing in a ring, historical print artwork

起源与建造

国会大厅最初建于1787年至1789年，作为费城县法院 (宪法步行之旅)。其设计是晚期乔治亚建筑风格的典范，其特点是对称性、古典细节以及红砖白边的外观。该建筑简洁的两层结构旨在与附近的独立厅相得益彰。当费城于1790年成为临时美国首都时，该法院大楼被迅速改造，用作国会的会议场所。

作为美国国会大厦的角色（1790–1800年）

国会大厅在国家形成时期扮演了核心角色：

一楼： 众议院所在地，空间设计可容纳越来越多的州代表。
二楼： 参议院议事厅，面积较小但装饰更华丽，突显了两个立法机构之间的区别。

在这十年间，国会大厅见证了两位总统的就职、基础立法的通过以及重要国家机构的建立 (新英格兰遗失之地; 历史一击)。

里程碑事件与立法成就

总统就职典礼

乔治·华盛顿第二次就职典礼（1793年）： 为行政权力的和平延续树立了先例。
约翰·亚当斯就职典礼（1797年）： 标志着不同政党总统之间首次和平权力交接 (宪法步行之旅; 新英格兰遗失之地)。

宪法修正案与立法

《权利法案》（1791年）： 前十条修正案在此地获得批准，保障了基本自由 (新英格兰遗失之地)。
基础性法律： 在此地通过的立法建立了美国第一银行、美国海军和联邦邮政系统——这些对统一和稳定新国家至关重要 (历史一击)。

建筑特色与修复

国会大厅是乔治亚建筑的杰出范例，其特色包括：

外部： 红砖白边，朴素的门廊，对称的窗户布局，以及简单的带栏杆的屋顶 (ushistory.org; experiencepa.com)。
内部： 一楼的议事厅，设有高大的窗户和高高的天花板，曾是众议院的会议场所；二楼的参议院会议室则更为私密和华丽。两层楼都设有公共画廊，反映了早期美国对透明度的承诺 (npplan.com)。

在国会迁往华盛顿特区后，国会大厅曾作为法院使用，随后年久失修。修复工作始于19世纪后期，并由国家公园管理局持续至今，确保该建筑仍然是美国民主的活生生纪念碑 (新英格兰遗失之地; ushistory.org)。