塞斯提伍斯金字塔, 罗马: Visitor Guide 2026

引言

罗马塞斯提乌斯金字塔（Pyramid of Cestius）是罗马最独特、最引人入胜的古代遗迹之一。它坐落于奥斯提亚门（Porta San Paolo）附近，与附近的罗马城墙（Aurelian Walls）和新教公墓（Protestant Cemetery）融为一体，形成一道独特的风景线。这座金字塔建于公元前18年至公元前12年间，是罗马贵族盖乌斯·塞斯提乌斯（Gaius Cestius）的陵墓。它不仅展现了罗马工程技术的精湛，更体现了罗马帝国时期埃及文化对罗马的影响。这座保存完好的大理石金字塔，是罗马帝国时代雄心、世界主义和文化吸收能力的有力证明，也是历史、艺术和建筑爱好者的必访之地（罗马旅游局; 罗马假日; 罗马通）。

本指南将深入探讨塞斯提乌斯金字塔的历史、建筑特色、修复工作、实用的游客信息以及旅行建议，帮助您充分了解并规划一次难忘的参观体验。

图片库

图览塞斯提伍斯金字塔

Pyramid of Cestius in Rome under clear blue sky — The Pyramid of Cestius in Rome, an ancient pyramid-shaped tomb built between 18 and 12 BCE, showcasing its white marble exterior against a clear blue sky.

Piramide Cestia in Rome at sunset — A view of the Piramide Cestia in Rome with a beautiful sunset sky in the background

Porta San Paolo and Pyramid of Caius Cestius in Rome — Historic Porta San Paolo and the Pyramid of Caius Cestius in Rome under a bright blue sky

历史背景

起源与建造

塞斯提乌斯金字塔是为罗马显贵、集会官（magistrate）兼执事官（member of the Epulones religious college）盖乌斯·塞斯提乌斯（Gaius Cestius）修建的陵墓，建造时间为公元前18年至公元前12年。这一时期正值埃及被奥古斯都·凯撒征服后，埃及文化在罗马极为盛行（罗马旅游局; 罗马假日）。塞斯提乌斯的遗嘱规定，金字塔必须在330天内完工，否则其继承人将失去继承权（古老起源）。

历史背景与演变

金字塔最初建在罗马城外，因为罗马法律禁止在城内埋葬。公元3世纪末，它被幸运地纳入新修建的奥勒良城墙内，这极大地促进了其保存（罗马旅游局; 罗马假日）。几个世纪以来，其真正的起源已被遗忘，人们曾一度误认为它是罗马传说中的创始人之一——罗慕路斯（Romulus）的弟弟雷穆斯（Remus）的陵墓。直到17世纪 inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription inscription 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inscription inscription inscription inscription 1. Historial Context and Evolution

The pyramid was originally built outside the city limits of Rome, as Roman law forbade burials within the city. In the late 3rd century CE, it was fortuitously incorporated into the newly constructed Aurelian Walls, which greatly aided its preservation (Turismo Roma; Rome Holidays). For centuries, its true origin was forgotten, and it was mistakenly believed to be the tomb of Remus, the legendary founder of Rome’s twin. The rediscovery of its inscriptions in the 17th century restored its historical identity (Ancient Origins).

Other Roman Pyramids

The Pyramid of Cestius was not unique in Rome—other pyramidal tombs existed, such as the Meta Romuli, which was demolished in the late 15th century to provide marble for St. Peter’s Basilica (Turismo Roma; Ancient Origins).

建筑特色

结构与尺寸

该金字塔高36.4米（119英尺），底边约为29.6米（97英尺）的正方形。其陡峭的轮廓比吉萨金字塔（Egyptian pyramids of Giza）的宽基底更接近努比亚金字塔（Nubian pyramids），反映了奥古斯都时期多元化的影响（罗马旅游局; 古老起源）。其核心是罗马特色的砖砌混凝土，外部则覆盖着闪耀的卡拉拉大理石（Carrara marble）（罗马假日）。

装饰元素

金字塔曾坐落在一个有围墙的院落内，四角有柱子（现已不存，但有古代记载）。两侧的拉丁文铭文纪念了盖乌斯·塞斯提乌斯以及该工程的快速完成。另一段17世纪的铭文则记录了当时的修复工作（古老起源）。

内部壁画

约5.95 x 4.10 x 4.80米的狭小桶形拱顶墓室内，装饰着精致的奥古斯都时期壁画，描绘了宁芙仙子（nymphs）和带翼的胜利女神（winged Victories）。尽管在古代就被盗掘，但仍有大部分壁画得以保存；它们在2015年得到了修复（罗马旅游局; 古老起源）。

保护与修复

金字塔的得以幸存，归功于其被纳入奥勒良城墙。几个世纪以来，它经历了多次修复：特别是在17世纪教皇亚历山大七世（Pope Alexander VII）时期，以及最近在2011年至2014年间，由日本企业家八木佑三（Yuzo Yagi）资助。这些修复工作稳定了结构，清洁了大理石，并保护了内部壁画（罗马通; 卫斯理学院）。二战时期的弹孔和碎片痕迹作为其持久存在的证明仍然可见（卫斯理学院）。

参观塞斯提乌斯金字塔

开放时间与门票信息

外部参观： 金字塔外部可全天24小时从街道或毗邻的新教公墓欣赏（罗马智慧）。
新教公墓： 入场需要捐赠。请查看官方公墓网站了解最新开放时间。
内部参观： 墓室仅通过导览参观，通常在每月的第三个和第四个周末（八月除外）。由于团体人数有限，必须提前预订（罗马通; 文化合作社）。门票价格适中，部分团体可享受折扣。