老教堂, 阿姆斯特丹: Visitor Guide 2026

概述

位于阿姆斯特丹历史中心繁华地段的旧教堂（Oude Kerk）是该市最古老的现存建筑，也是其宗教、文化和建筑遗产的深远象征。旧教堂最初建于约1213年，是一座木制小教堂，并于1306年以石头材质的教堂落成，它见证了阿姆斯特丹从一个简陋的河畔定居点转变为全球贸易强国的历程。教堂坐落于著名的红灯区——德瓦伦（De Wallen），是哥特式建筑的壮丽典范，也是这座城市自由和历史延续精神的象征（Klook; oudekerk.nl）。

最初，旧教堂奉献给水手的主保圣人圣尼古拉，体现了阿姆斯特丹深厚的航海根基。几个世纪以来，它一直是崇拜场所、著名市民——包括伦勃朗的妻子萨斯基亚·范·尤伦堡——的安息之地，以及一个充满活力的社区中心。1578年关键的“改革”标志着它从天主教转向归正宗的里程碑，象征着阿姆斯特丹拥抱宗教宽容和公民认同（Passport2Amsterdam; introducingamsterdam.com）。如今，游客可以探索其宏伟的中世纪橡木拱形天花板、精美铺砌的墓碑、精致的彩色玻璃以及至今仍丰富着教堂文化生活的 remarkable 17世纪和18世纪管风琴（amsterdam.org; onevasco.com）。

本指南将提供旧教堂的详细概览，包括参观时间、门票、无障碍信息和实用贴士，以及导览、彩色玻璃工作坊和音乐表演等亮点。无论您是被其宏伟的建筑、历史意义还是充满活力的活动所吸引，旧教堂都将为您带来一次深入阿姆斯特丹过去与现在的迷人旅程（oudekerk.nl; Amsterdam Tips）。

图片库

图览老教堂

View of the spire and chapels of Oude Kerk Amsterdam with a bridge railing in the foreground lithograph by Albert Hemelman 1902-1951 — Lithographic print titled 'Achter de Oude Kerk' showing the spire and chapels of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam with a bridge railing in the foreground. Created by Albert Hemelman between 1902 and 1951, this lithograph on paper measures 212 mm by 187 mm and depicts a city view with figures.

Amsterdam river channel with traditional Dutch houses and boats — Scenic view of Amsterdam river channel featuring traditional Dutch houses and boats, showcasing the city's iconic architecture and waterways.

Community meeting of the neighborhood council d'Oude Stad in Oude Kerk Amsterdam addressing drug trafficking issues — Black and white photo of a community meeting held by the neighborhood council d'Oude Stad in Oude Kerk Amsterdam on September 26, 1985, focusing on problems related to drug trafficking and public disturbances.

Architectural map of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam by Daniël Stoopendaal from early 1700s — Detailed architectural floor plan of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam created by Daniël Stoopendaal circa 1700-1725, part of the Stadsarchief Amsterdam building drawings collection.

Historical architectural map of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam circa 1700-1725 — Detailed building plan of Oude Kerk's floor layout created by Daniël Stopendaal, part of the Stadsarchief Amsterdam collection of construction drawings from around 1700 to 1725, showing the layout at Oudekerksplein.

Map of seating arrangements in the Oude Kerk Amsterdam around 1700 showing pillars, chandeliers and Amsterdam coat of arms — Historical map by Daniël Stoopendaal depicting seating arrangements and architectural features of the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam around 1700, including chandeliers and the Amsterdam coat of arms.

Old Church on the Old Church Square in Amsterdam with fully renovated facades seen from the Eastside Voorburgwal in black and white photograph — Black and white photo of the Old Church on the Old Church Square in Amsterdam taken on April 2, 1964, showing fully renovated facades from Eastside Voorburgwal, photographed by Jac. de Nijs

Black and white photo of De Oude Kerk with completely renewed facades, view from Oostzijde Voorburgwal on Oude Kerksplein, Amsterdam — Historical black and white photograph of De Oude Kerk on the Oude Kerksplein in Amsterdam, showcasing the completely renewed facades as seen from Oostzijde Voorburgwal, taken on April 2, 1964 by photographer Jac. de Nijs, part of the Anefo photo collection, stored in the Nationaal Archief.

View of Oudezijds Voorburgwal street at Oudekerksplein with the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam 19th century — Historic photo of Oudezijds Voorburgwal street near Oudekerksplein featuring the Oude Kerk church in Amsterdam. Original cabinet photo by A. Jager from 1867 to 1883, part of the Atlas Dreesmann collection.

View of Oudezijds Voorburgwal canal towards Oudekerksbrug Bridge 206 and Oude Kerk church at Oudekerksplein 23 in Amsterdam, historic buildings along the canal including Oudezijds Voorburgwal 80 and 8 — Historic photograph circa 1878 showing Oudezijds Voorburgwal canal in Amsterdam looking towards Oudekerksbrug (Bridge 206) and the Oude Kerk located at Oudekerksplein 23. Includes view of buildings at Oudezijds Voorburgwal 80 and 82 on the left. Photo by Jager, A., part of the Kunsthandel Gebr. Douw

Skyline of Amsterdam featuring the Stopera building, Magere Brug bridge in the foreground, Zuiderkerk and Oude Kerk churches in the background — Black and white photo from 1986 showing Amsterdam's skyline with the Stopera concert hall and city hall, the iconic Magere Brug (Skinny Bridge) in the foreground, and the Zuiderkerk and Oude Kerk churches in the background, captured by Rob C. Croes for the Anefo photo collection.

Floor plan of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam showing architectural layout — Detailed floor plan of Oude Kerk in Amsterdam from Stadsarchief Amsterdam, showcasing architectural layout and design elements.

起源与历史发展

旧教堂（Oude Kerk）是阿姆斯特丹最古老的建筑，其历史始于1213年的木制小教堂，并在1306年成为一座石头教堂（Klook）。教堂在14世纪和15世纪进行了扩建，以容纳城市日益增长的人口。其从罗马式到哥特式的建筑演变，反映了阿姆斯特丹日益增长的经济和市民重要性（Passport2Amsterdam）。

宗教与文化意义

旧教堂最初是一座奉献给圣尼古拉（水手的主保圣人）的罗马天主教堂，是阿姆斯特丹水手和商人的精神中心。其地板下埋葬有超过2,500块墓碑，安葬着超过60,000位市民（Klook）。

1578年的“改革”标志着一个关键的转折点，教堂转为信奉归正宗。宗教图像被移除或粉刷，但建筑本身仍是重要的市民和社区空间（Passport2Amsterdam）。

建筑特色与艺术遗产

旧教堂以其高耸的木制拱顶——欧洲同类建筑中最大——而闻名，这些拱顶由15世纪的爱沙尼亚橡木制成（Klook）。中殿由这些令人印象深刻的横梁支撑，并装饰有彩绘的圣经场景和纹章图案。圣母堂（Mariakapel）中的彩色玻璃是亮点，此外还有雕刻精美的唱诗班座位和壮观的18世纪Vater-Müller管风琴（amsterdam.org）。

教堂定期举办当代艺术装置和音乐表演，确保其作为阿姆斯特丹文化景观中一个充满活力、不断发展的组成部分（Passport2Amsterdam）。

参观旧教堂：时间、门票及贴士

地点与交通

地址：Oudekerksplein 23, 1012 GX Amsterdam
交通方式：从阿姆斯特丹中央车站步行8-10分钟；乘坐电车或地铁至达姆广场（Dam Square）或新市场（Nieuwmarkt）（Passport2Amsterdam）

参观时间

周一至周六：上午10:00 – 下午6:00
周日：下午1:00 – 下午5:30
请查看官方网站了解节假日和特别活动期间的开放时间变更：oudekerk.nl

门票信息

成人：€13.50
青少年（13-17岁）、学生：€7.00
儿童（6-12岁）：€3.50
儿童（0-5岁）：免费
Museumkaart、I Amsterdam City Card、ICOM、Stadspas、Vriendenloterij VIP-kaart、Vriendenpas Oude Kerk持有者：免费
提前在线购票以获得最佳名额（Amsterdam Tips; The Dutch Journal）