贝加莫的堡垒城市, 贝加莫: Visitor Guide 2026

介绍

意大利贝尔加莫的维亚莱德雷穆拉（Viale delle Mura）是一个迷人的历史遗迹，体现了几个世纪以来的文化、建筑和战略意义。这条风景如画的步道沿着环绕贝尔加莫上城区（Città Alta）的威尼斯墙延伸，为游客提供了一个深入历史的旅程。这些墙的建造始于1561年，由威尼斯人共和国建造，主要是为了防御西班牙军队的入侵。这些文艺复兴时期的军事墙绵延约6公里，由四个大门——圣贾科莫门（Porta San Giacomo）、圣奥古斯丁门（Porta Sant'Agostino）、圣亚历山大门（Porta Sant'Alessandro）和圣洛伦索门（Porta San Lorenzo）点缀而成，为该地区丰富的历史画卷增色不少。自2017年以来，贝尔加莫的威尼斯墙被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产，因其杰出的建筑成就和历史重要性而受到赞誉。此指南旨在提供关于维亚莱德雷穆拉的全面概述，包括其起源、建筑特点、战略重要性，以及实用的游客信息，确保所有前往此非凡之地的游客都能拥有丰富的体验。

图片库

图览贝加莫的堡垒城市

Historic city wall from Saint James gate in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy — Historic view of the city wall through Saint James gate in Bergamo, located in the Lombardy region of Italy

Bergamo Porta San Agostino historic city gate with stone walls and archway — View of Porta San Agostino, an ancient city gate in Bergamo, Italy, marking the start of Viale delle Mura with its historic stone architecture and archway.

Historic Venetian Walls near Porta San Agostino in Bergamo — The ancient Venetian Walls (Mura Venete) surrounding the city of Bergamo near Porta San Agostino, showcasing historic stone fortifications and lush greenery.

Medieval Venetian walls near Porta San Giacomo in Bergamo, Italy — Historic Venetian defensive walls located near Porta San Giacomo in Bergamo, showcasing medieval architecture and stone fortifications.

Panoramic view of Bergamo city from Bastioni di Santa Grata — A beautiful panoramic view of Bergamo, Italy, taken from the Bastioni di Santa Grata, showcasing the cityscape and historical architecture.

Panoramic view of Bergamo from Baluardo di San Giacomo featuring Fortino di San Domenico and Sant'Alessandro campanile — Scenic panorama of Bergamo city taken from Baluardo di San Giacomo, showcasing the historic Fortino di San Domenico and the bell tower of Sant'Alessandro in Colonna

Breach in the old Venetian walls of Bergamo city in 1907-1908 — Historical photograph showing the breach made in the Venetian walls of Bergamo, Italy, during 1907-1908 renovation or defense works.

Historic breach in the Venetian walls of Bergamo between Colle Aperto and Castagneta, 1908 — Black and white photograph showing the breach in the Venetian walls of Bergamo between Colle Aperto and Castagneta, taken in 1908.

Historical map of Bergamo from 1575 showing detailed city layout — An intricate historical map of Bergamo created in 1575, depicting the detailed layout and features of the city during that period.

Historic map of Bergamo in 1654 titled Pianta di Bergomo il Vecch — An incomplete historic map of the city of Bergamo from the year 1654, titled Pianta di Bergomo il Vecch, showing old city structures and layout.

Panoramic view of Bergamo Alta and Colle San Vigilio from the ancient city walls — Scenic panoramic view of Bergamo Alta historic district and Colle San Vigilio hill as seen from the ancient city walls, showcasing Italian architecture and lush greenery

Panoramic view of Bergamo cityscape from the historic city wall in Italy — Wide panoramic image showing the scenic cityscape of Bergamo, Italy, captured from the ancient city wall overlooking rooftops and historical buildings.

起源和建造

维亚莱德雷穆拉位于意大利贝尔加莫，沿着环绕上城区（Città Alta）的古老威尼斯墙延伸。这些墙的建造始于1561年，威尼斯人共和国为主要目的建设这些墙是为了防御西班牙军队的入侵。这项建设历时27年以上，涉及拆除包括教堂和修道院在内的众多建筑物。这些墙绵延约6公里，包含四个主要的大门：圣贾科莫门、圣奥古斯丁门、圣亚历山大门和圣洛伦索门。

建筑特点

贝尔加莫的威尼斯墙是文艺复兴时期军事建筑的一个非凡例子。这些墙主要由当地的石灰石建造，具备坚固的堡垒、挡土墙和胸墙。这些墙有几个突出堡垒，包括圣米歇尔堡垒（Bastione di San Michele）和圣约翰堡垒（Bastione di San Giovanni），为城市的防御者提供了战略制高点。墙上还有一系列地下通道和储藏室，在围困期间用于存放弹药和补给。

战略重要性

在16和17世纪，威尼斯墙在贝尔加莫的防御中发挥了关键作用。由于城市位于阿尔卑斯山脚下的战略位置，是威尼斯人共和国的一个主要军事前哨。墙体成功地挫败了多次入侵尝试，包括1610年西班牙军队的著名围攻。这些防御工事也是威尼斯人力量和工程技术的象征。

文化和历史影响

威尼斯墙的建设对贝尔加莫的社会和文化景观产生了深远影响。为了建设防御工事，拆除了宗教和住宅建筑物，使城市的城市结构发生了显著变化。然而，这些墙也促成了贝尔加莫独特文化身份的发展，成为城市韧性和战略重要性的象征。今天，这些墙被保存为热门旅游景点，提供周围景观的全景视野。

联合国教科文组织世界遗产

2017年，贝尔加莫的威尼斯墙被认定为联合国教科文组织世界遗产，是"16至17世纪间威尼斯防御工程 - 陆地国家和西部海上国家"（Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries - Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar）列表的一部分。这一认定突显了这些墙的历史和建筑重要性，以及它们在更广泛的威尼斯人军事工程中的角色。