百基拉地下墓穴, 罗马: Visitor Guide 2026

引言

普里西拉墓窟（Catacomb of Priscilla），常被称为“墓窟之后”，是罗马最迷人且最具历史意义的地下遗址之一。这个庞大的基督教墓葬群坐落于古老的萨拉里亚大道（Via Salaria）之下，可追溯至公元2世纪至5世纪。这里保存着一些已知最早的早期基督教湿壁画，包括最古老的一幅圣母子画像。普里西拉墓窟为我们提供了窥视早期基督教丧葬传统、宗教艺术和社群生活的独特窗口，使其成为历史爱好者、朝圣者以及希望深入了解罗马多元遗产的旅行者必访之地。本指南将涵盖参观普里西拉墓窟所需了解的一切，从历史背景和艺术亮点到门票、开放时间及旅行贴士等实用信息。

如需最新信息和官方游客须知，请参阅普里西拉墓窟官方网站、Smarthistory 和世界历史百科全书。

图片库

图览百基拉地下墓穴

Abraham selecting the spot for Isaac's sacrifice in Pricilla Catacombs artwork — Illustration from Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms showing Abraham choosing the location for Isaac's sacrifice, original painting from the Pricilla Catacombs, plate 78.

Abraham choosing a spot for Isaac's sacrifice in ancient biblical painting — Ancient biblical painting depicting Abraham choosing a spot for the sacrifice of Isaac, from the book Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms, plate 78, originally from the Pricilla Catacombs.

Fresco of Fractio panis showing the ceremonial breaking of eucharistic bread during Christian Agape feast in Catacombe di Priscilla Rome — Ancient fresco depicting the Fractio panis, the ceremonial breaking of the eucharistic bread during the Holy Communion meal, in the Greek chapel of the Catacombe di Priscilla in Rome, dating from 2nd to 4th century.

Early Christian fresco depicting a communal feast in the Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome — Painting of a feast in Early Christian catacombs showcasing Paleochristian art. This fresco is located in the Catacomb of Priscilla in Rome, Italy, representing a communal meal scene.

Ancient Roman fresco reproduction of the Biblical Annunciation in the Catacomb of Priscilla — Drawing reproduction of a 3rd century AD ancient Roman fresco from the Catacomb of Priscilla, traditionally depicting the Biblical Annunciation, published in H. F. Jos Liell's 1887 book on Marian representations in catacomb art.

Fresco of Christian Agape feast depicting fractio panis, breaking of bread during Holy Communion, Greek chapel Catacombe di Priscilla Rome 2nd-4th century — Ancient fresco showing a Christian Agape feast with fractio panis, the ritual breaking of bread during Holy Communion, located in the Greek chapel of Catacombe di Priscilla in Rome, dating from the 2nd to 4th century.

Consecrated Virgin praying with Orans position wearing dalmatic, tunic, and veil from Catacomb of Priscilla 3rd century AD — Ancient fresco of Consecrated Virgin in Orans prayer posture, adorned with dalmatic, tunic, and veil, located in the Catacomb of Priscilla, dating back to the 3rd century AD.

Annunciation fresco from Priscilla catacomb depicting the Virgin Mary and Angel — Annunciation fresco from the Catacomb of Priscilla, painted by Liell, illustrating the biblical scene of the Virgin Mary with the Angel. From the Dictionnaire de la Bible by F. Vigouroux.

Early Christian painting of The Three Hebrews in the Fiery Furnace from the Catacombs of Priscilla in Rome — Late 3rd to early 4th century Christian artwork from the Catacombs of Priscilla, Rome, depicting the biblical story of The Three Hebrews in the Fiery Furnace from the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament.

Early Christian painting depicting The Three Hebrews in the Fiery Furnace from the Book of Daniel — Early Christian painting representing the biblical story of The Three Hebrews in the Fiery Furnace, symbolizing tribulation and redemption from the Book of Daniel in the Old Testament.

Garment of a consecrated nun illustrated in Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms — Detailed illustration of the garment worn by a consecrated nun from the book Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms, plate 79

历史背景

起源与发展

普里西拉墓窟最初是土地捐赠者、贵族普里西拉（Priscilla）的私人墓地，后来扩展成为服务更广泛基督教社群的场所（Smarthistory；维基百科）。据信，这里拥有超过40,000座墓葬，分布在超过10公里的通道中，部分通道深入地下三层。随着几个世纪的发展，墓窟的扩展反映了罗马早期基督教社群的增长以及基督教在帝国从受迫害走向被接受的过程中丧葬习俗的变化（BBC）。

艺术与宗教意义

该墓窟以其早期基督教湿壁画而闻名。其中包括希腊礼拜堂（Cappella Greca）和帷幕女子墓室（Cubiculum of the Veiled Woman）中的标志性图像，如已知最古老的圣母子画像（Obitel Minsk）。这些艺术作品揭示了早期基督教社群的信仰、日常生活和社会角色，包括“好牧人”和“东方三博士朝拜”等场景。值得注意的是，该墓葬址也安放着数位早期教皇和烈士的遗骸，进一步巩固了其作为朝圣目的地的意义（圣经考古评论）。

考古发现

19世纪和20世纪的考古发掘不仅揭示了墓窟的规模，还发现了其丰富的艺术品、铭文以及基督教、犹太教和异教传统相互作用的证据（BBC；Wisdom Words PPF）。赞扬女性的铭文以及早期对圣母玛利亚的崇敬证据，都突显了墓窟作为考古遗址和古代罗马精神文化生活活生生见证的重要性。

参观信息

位置与交通

普里西拉墓窟位于意大利罗马萨拉里亚大道430号，邮编00199（[catacombepriscilla.com](https://catacombepriscilla.com/en/informazioni-en/））。可通过公共巴士（63、92、310、n92路）抵达，距离圣安涅塞/安尼巴利亚诺地铁站（2号线）有10-15分钟的步行路程（[toorists.com](https://toorists.com/rome/catacombs-of-priscilla/））。停车位有限且受管制，因此建议大多数游客使用公共交通（[lifesuccessjournal.com](https://lifesuccessjournal.com/catacomb-of-priscilla/））。

开放时间

该墓窟通常周二至周日开放，时间为上午9:00至中午12:00，下午2:00至下午5:00。周一及部分节假日关闭。请务必在计划参观前查阅官方网站以核实最新开放时间。

门票与导览

**票价：**截至2025年6月，成人票价为15欧元，儿童（7-16岁）为12欧元，7岁以下儿童免费（[catacombepriscilla.com](https://catacombepriscilla.com/en/informazioni-en/））。
**预订：**在旅游旺季，必须提前预订导览（[romewise.com](https://www.romewise.com/catacombs-of-rome.html））。
**团体参观：**10人及以上团体需提前预订。
**导览语言：**提供英语、意大利语、西班牙语等语言的导览。导览时长约45分钟，详细介绍艺术、历史和意义。

无障碍与设施

由于墓窟位于地下，存在陡峭的楼梯、狭窄的走廊和不平坦的地面，因此不适合轮椅和婴儿车使用者（[toorists.com](https://toorists.com/rome/catacombs-of-priscilla/）；[mamalovesrome.com](https://mamalovesrome.com/rome-catacombs/））。入口附近设有卫生间。地下全年温度凉爽（15-17°C / 59-63°F），即使在夏天也建议携带一件薄外套（[romewise.com](https://www.romewise.com/catacombs-of-rome.html））。现场没有咖啡馆或商店。