百万石简介

百万石（又称米琼石）是位于土耳其伊斯坦布尔的古代里程碑。它于公元4世纪初、君士坦丁大帝统治期间建立，作为拜占庭帝国的零里程碑，帝国境内的距离均从这里测量。它相当于罗马的金里程碑，也象征着君士坦丁堡在古代世界的中心地位。如今，遗址留存的部分为游客提供了了解伊斯坦布尔层叠历史的有形线索。(来源)

Historical map of the imperial district of Byzantine Constantinople showing the Great Palace, Hippodrome, Hagia Sophia, and surrounding structures with surviving buildings in black and conjectural out — Detailed historical map illustrating the imperial district of Byzantine Constantinople, featuring the Great Palace and key buildings, the Hippodrome, Hagia Sophia, with surviving structures marked in black and conjectural outlines in grey, including the area of later Sultanahmet Camii structures.

The Milion monument of Constantinople with ancient inscriptions — The Milion of Constantinople, an ancient monument near the Basilica Cistern, serving as the point from which all distances in the Byzantine Empire were measured.

Milion monument of Constantinople, ancient milestone from which all empire distances were measured — The Milion of Constantinople, an ancient monument used as the point from which all distances in the Byzantine Empire were measured. It is located near the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul.

Milion monument in Constantinople near Basilica Cistern — Photograph of the Milion monument in Constantinople taken in 2007, located near the Basilica Cistern, the point from which all distances in the Byzantine Empire were measured.

Milion monument of Constantinople used for measuring distances in the Byzantine Empire — The Milion of Constantinople, an ancient monument near the Basilica Cistern, from which all distances in the Byzantine Empire were traditionally measured.

Milion of Constantinople ancient monument marking the center point of the empire's distances — The Milion of Constantinople, an ancient monument from which all distances in the Byzantine Empire were measured, located near the Basilica Cistern.

Ruins of Byzantine arch Million in Istanbul — Historical remains of the Byzantine arch called Million located in Istanbul, showcasing ancient architecture and cultural heritage.

历史

起源与作用

君士坦丁大帝将君士坦丁堡（今伊斯坦布尔）设为新罗马帝国的首都。百万石不仅是距离标记，也是拜占庭帝国行政和后勤体系的重要参考点。帝国广泛的道路网络以此为参照，促进贸易、军事行动和远距离通信；石上还刻有通往各个城市和省份的距离，供旅行者和官员使用。

建筑与象征意义

百万石原是一座宏伟的建筑，不只是一块石碑：圆顶由四个拱门支撑，建筑上装饰着雕像和铭文。它体现了君士坦丁堡作为商业、文化和治理中心的重要地位。在伊斯坦布尔的文化记忆中，百万石也象征着这座城市连接东西方的历史角色，这一主题在拜占庭和奥斯曼时期的历史与文化叙事中均有体现。

衰落、重新发现与保护

1453年君士坦丁堡被奥斯曼土耳其人攻占后，百万石的重要性逐渐减弱。此后数世纪，建筑逐渐坍塌，最终被城市发展形成的层层地面掩埋。20世纪60年代，该地区的考古发掘重新发现了遗址。如今原建筑仅存少数碎片，见证着城市的历史遗产。

重新发现后，遗址持续得到保护，并采取措施防止进一步退化。留存碎片在原地展示，现场设有信息牌，也有导览游介绍纪念碑的历史与意义。

遗址看点与教育意义

游客可以在现场看到百万石留存的碎片，并了解它作为拜占庭帝国零里程碑的历史背景。遗址也是当地居民和游客的教育资源：学校和大学经常组织实地考察，学生可借此了解拜占庭帝国、君士坦丁堡的历史以及古代里程碑的作用。百万石也出现在历史和考古研究中，将现代伊斯坦布尔与古老根源联系起来，吸引历史学家、考古学家和游客关注。