はじめに

トルコの息をのむようなエーゲ海沿岸に位置するスミュルナ、現代のイズミルは、古代文明と現代の活気に満ちたモザイクが息づく場所です。8,000年以上にわたる中断のない歴史を持ち、アナトリア、ギリシャ、ローマ、ビザンツ、オットーマンの影響を受けて形成されてきました。今日、イズミルはトルコ第3の都市として、$¢$-$-$—$•$$、$-$•$—$、$-$•$、$•$$$•$$$$•$$$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$$$•$$•$$—$$$•$$—$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$—$•$$$•$•$$ •$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—•$$$•$$—.