First National Building

Introduction

The First National Building in Detroit is more than just an early skyscraper; it stands as a testament to the city’s industrial might, architectural ambition, and resilient spirit. Completed in 1922 and designed by the renowned Albert Kahn, this neoclassical tower was Detroit’s tallest building at its debut and remains a cornerstone of the downtown skyline. Today, it serves as a thriving mixed-use commercial hub, seamlessly blending its historical grandeur with modern retail, office, and public amenities. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast, history buff, or casual visitor, this guide will help you navigate the First National Building, covering its history, visiting hours, accessibility, ticketing, and nearby attractions. (Historic Detroit, Bedrock Detroit, Wikipedia: First National Building)

Origins and Early Development

The First National Building’s story begins in the heart of Detroit’s financial boom. The First and Old Detroit National Bank, established in 1863, spearheaded the project to accommodate the city’s rapid commercial expansion. The chosen site at Woodward Avenue and Cadillac Square had previously housed the beloved Hotel Pontchartrain, whose removal symbolized the city’s shift from 19th-century roots to 20th-century ambition. Construction began in 1921, and by March 1922, the 25-story building opened to widespread acclaim, boasting one of the nation’s largest banking lobbies and state-of-the-art elevators. (Historic Detroit)

Architectural Vision and Innovations

Albert Kahn’s design for the building incorporated a rare “Z”-shaped floor plan, maximizing natural light and ventilation—an innovation predating air conditioning. The steel-frame structure enabled expansive, column-free interiors, while the Indiana limestone façade and neoclassical ornamentation projected stability and prestige. The building originally rose 25 stories with two basement levels, encompassing approximately 750,000 square feet. The banking lobby’s ornate ceiling and marble finishes reflected the wealth and optimism of early 20th-century Detroit. (Bedrock Detroit, Skyscraper Center)

Expansion and Adaptation

As Detroit’s business district flourished, so did the First National Building. In 1927–28, a 25-story extension and an 800-car parking garage were added, supporting both the city’s growing workforce and the rise of automobile culture. The building continued to attract a diverse range of tenants—banks, law firms, tech startups, and educational organizations—ensuring its status as a commercial anchor in downtown Detroit. (Historic Detroit, Bedrock Detroit)

Challenges and Revitalization

Detroit’s fortunes shifted after the 1950s, with economic downturns, depopulation, and industrial decline. Despite these challenges, the First National Building’s robust construction and prime location allowed it to remain a fixture in the city’s evolving skyline. In 2011, Bedrock acquired the building, launching a $110 million restoration that modernized its infrastructure while uncovering and restoring historic features like the ornate lobby ceiling. New canopies, retail spaces, and accessible entrances were added, and the building’s tenant mix diversified further with retail, dining, and educational uses. The restoration not only preserved an architectural gem but also reinvigorated its role as a vibrant center for business and the community. (Traditional Building, Architect Magazine)

Visiting the First National Building

Visiting Hours

• Monday–Friday: 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (lobby and retail concourse)
• Weekends: Hours may vary by tenant; some retail and dining establishments may have extended or reduced hours, especially during special events.

It’s recommended to check with specific retailers or building management for up-to-date information, particularly on holidays or during major downtown events.

Tickets and Tours

• General Access: No tickets or entry fees are required to visit public areas such as the lobby, retail concourse, and dining spaces.
• Tours: The First National Building does not offer regular public tours. However, local historical societies and architecture-focused tour companies occasionally include the building in guided walking tours. Check with the Detroit Historical Society or local operators for availability.

Accessibility

• The building is fully ADA-compliant, with barrier-free entrances (notably on Woodward Avenue) and modernized elevators.
• Restrooms and public areas are designed for accessibility; for specific accommodations, contact building management or individual tenants in advance.

Visitor Tips

• Getting There: The building is located at 660 Woodward Avenue, directly across from Campus Martius Park. It’s easily accessible via Detroit’s QLINE streetcar, numerous bus routes, and on foot from other downtown landmarks.
• Parking: An attached garage offers over 475 spaces; additional public garages are nearby.
• Amenities: Public restrooms, complimentary Wi-Fi in common areas, and an array of retail and dining options are available.
• Best Times to Visit: Weekdays during business hours for full access to public spaces; evenings and weekends may offer a quieter experience, though some amenities may be closed.

Nearby Detroit Historical Sites

The First National Building sits at the core of Detroit’s architectural and cultural landscape. Within walking distance, you’ll find:

• Campus Martius Park: Detroit’s central gathering space, hosting year-round events, markets, and concerts (Campus Martius Park events calendar).
• Guardian Building: A celebrated Art Deco masterpiece known as the “Cathedral of Finance.”
• Penobscot Building: Another iconic skyscraper contributing to Detroit’s historic skyline.
• Detroit Institute of Arts: Home to a world-class collection of art, accessible by streetcar.
• Detroit Riverwalk: A scenic promenade along the riverfront, ideal for walking and biking.
• Greektown: A lively neighborhood offering diverse dining and entertainment options.

Visitor FAQs

Q: What are the First National Building visiting hours?
A: Public spaces are open Monday to Friday, 8:00 AM–6:00 PM. Some retail and dining areas may have different hours; check ahead for specifics.

Q: Is there an entrance fee or ticket required?
A: No. General admission to public areas is free; guided architectural tours may require advance booking and a fee.

Q: Is the building accessible for people with disabilities?
A: Yes. Entrances, elevators, and restrooms are ADA-compliant.

Q: Are guided tours available?
A: The building does not host regular tours, but it is featured in many downtown Detroit architecture and history tours.

Q: Where can I park?
A: The building has an attached garage, and several public parking options are nearby.

Q: What are the best nearby attractions?
A: Campus Martius Park, Guardian Building, Penobscot Building, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit Riverwalk, and Greektown.

Summary and Recommendations

The First National Building is a living monument to Detroit’s resilience and reinvention. Its neoclassical façade, innovative “Z”-shaped floor plan, and blend of historical and contemporary uses make it an essential destination for anyone exploring the city. With no admission fees, central location, and easy access to other downtown highlights, it is the perfect starting point for a day of cultural discovery. For a more in-depth experience, consider joining a guided architecture tour and downloading the Audiala app for self-guided tours, event listings, and interactive maps.