Covenanters' Monument

Introduction

Set within the evocative heart of Edinburgh, the Covenanters’ Monument serves as a powerful tribute to the Scottish Presbyterians who endured persecution for their faith during the 17th century. Primarily located in the historic Grassmarket, beneath Edinburgh Castle, and within Greyfriars Kirkyard, the monument commemorates those who signed the National Covenant and resisted royal interference in religious life. The legacy of the Covenanters—marked by their steadfastness amid imprisonment, execution, and exile—remains deeply enshrined in Edinburgh’s cultural identity.

This guide provides an in-depth look at the monument’s historical context, distinctive architecture, and practical visitor information. Whether you are a history enthusiast or an explorer of Scotland’s heritage, use this resource to enrich your visit to one of Edinburgh’s most profound memorials.

Location and Setting

The Covenanters’ Monument, also known as the Covenanters’ Memorial, is situated in Edinburgh’s Grassmarket, beneath the looming presence of Edinburgh Castle. This area, once a bustling marketplace and the grim stage for public executions, is central to the monument’s meaning—it marks the ground where many Covenanter martyrs were executed during the religious strife of the 17th century (Historic Environment Scotland).

A second, significant Covenanters’ Monument stands within Greyfriars Kirkyard, near the site where the National Covenant was signed and close to the “Covenanters’ Prison,” where many were held after the 1679 Battle of Bothwell Bridge (Canmore).

Historical Context and Significance

The Covenanters’ Monument commemorates those who, between 1661 and 1688, suffered for upholding Presbyterianism and resisting the imposition of royal authority over the Church of Scotland. The National Covenant, signed in 1638 at Greyfriars Kirk, was a pivotal declaration in Scotland’s struggle for religious liberty.

Events such as “The Killing Time” (circa 1680–1688) saw hundreds of Covenanters executed or exiled for their beliefs. The Grassmarket was the site of many executions, while Greyfriars Kirkyard became a center of both protest and persecution (Historic Environment Scotland; Wikipedia).

Architectural Description

Monument Structure

The Grassmarket monument, erected in 1937 and restored mid-20th century, features a roughly-hewn cylindrical stone base, supporting a polished granite circle marked with the Saltire cross. A bronze band encircles the top, bearing an inscription to the martyrs. The use of sturdy materials—stone, granite, bronze—conveys durability and dignity (Historic Environment Scotland).

Within Greyfriars Kirkyard, the Martyrs’ Monument displays grand scrolled trusses, Ionic columns, and a central panel with a carved border. The open Bible beneath the panel is inscribed with verses from the Book of Revelation and the Second Epistle, reinforcing the Covenanters’ religious devotion (Canmore).

Boundary Features

A sandstone boundary wall with stone coping, installed during the 1950s restoration, encloses the Grassmarket monument. Decorative cast-iron railings and gates feature the Saltire and thistle, symbols of Scottish heritage.

Inscriptions and Symbolism

The Grassmarket monument’s bronze band is inscribed with a tribute to the martyrs. The Saltire cross and thistle motifs reinforce national identity and resilience.

The Greyfriars monument’s epitaph, faithfully reproduced on a modern plaque, begins:

"Halt, passenger, take heed what you do see
This tomb doth shew, for what some men did do
Here lies interr’d the dust of those who stood
‘Gainst perjury, resisting unto blood.
Adhering to the Covenant, and laws…"

Design Evolution and Restoration

Unveiled in 1937 and restored in 1953–54, the Grassmarket monument’s boundary wall and railings were added to enhance its prominence and protection (Historic Environment Scotland). The Greyfriars monument, originally built in 1706 and renewed in 1771, saw the original epitaph preserved at Huntly House (Museum of Edinburgh). A replica plaque was added in 2005 to ensure the inscription remains legible (Covenanter.org.uk).

Relationship to Surroundings

The Grassmarket’s historical associations with public execution and commerce make it an apt site for the monument, while its proximity to the Flodden Wall, historic tenements, and Edinburgh Castle deepens its resonance.

Greyfriars Kirkyard, as the site of the National Covenant’s signing and of the infamous Covenanters’ Prison, situates the monument in the very heart of the movement’s history (Wikipedia).

Visitor Information

Visiting Hours and Admission

• Grassmarket Monument: Open 24/7, no admission fee (Historic Environment Scotland).
• Greyfriars Kirkyard: Generally open 9:00 AM–5:00 PM; hours may vary seasonally or for events. No ticket required (Covenanter.org.uk).

Accessibility

Both monuments are outdoors and accessible to most visitors. The Grassmarket site is on level, paved ground, but the walled enclosure may require assistance for some. Greyfriars Kirkyard features uneven cobblestones and grassy areas; those with mobility challenges should contact staff for advice (CityDays).

Travel Tips and Best Times to Visit

• Visit early morning or weekdays for fewer crowds.
• Wear sturdy shoes for uneven terrain, especially in Greyfriars Kirkyard.
• Plan your visit in late spring or early autumn for mild weather (Full Suitcase).

Nearby Attractions

• Edinburgh Castle
• The Royal Mile and St Giles’ Cathedral
• National Museum of Scotland
• University of Edinburgh’s Old College
• Historic pubs and shops in the Grassmarket

Guided Tours and Events

Numerous walking tours of Edinburgh’s Old Town and Greyfriars Kirkyard include the Covenanters’ sites. Special events such as commemorative ceremonies and historical reenactments are held periodically—check local listings (All About Edinburgh; Reformation Tours).

Photographic Opportunities

Both monuments offer striking photo opportunities, framed by Edinburgh Castle or the atmospheric Greyfriars Kirkyard. Capture the Saltire cross, thistle motifs, and inscriptions for a memorable record of your visit.

Preservation and Legal Status

The Grassmarket monument, its wall, railings, and gates are protected as a listed structure under Scottish law (Historic Environment Scotland). The Greyfriars monument is similarly protected and maintained by the Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association and the Greyfriars Kirkyard Trust.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the visiting hours?

• Grassmarket: Open 24/7.
• Greyfriars Kirkyard: Typically 9:00 AM–5:00 PM; check for seasonal changes.

Is there an admission fee?
No, both sites are free. Donations are encouraged at Greyfriars Kirkyard.

Are the monuments accessible?
Generally yes, though Greyfriars Kirkyard has uneven paths.

Are guided tours available?
Yes, numerous tours cover both sites. Check with local operators for details.

Is photography allowed?
Yes, for personal use. Commercial photography at Greyfriars requires permission.

Discover More

The Covenanters’ Monuments in Edinburgh offer a profound window into Scotland’s religious and civic heritage. Their architectural and historical significance, accessible locations, and evocative settings make them essential stops for visitors interested in Scottish history. Support preservation efforts through donations or participation in events, and explore nearby sites to deepen your understanding.

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