8

85 Mm Divisional Gun D 44

Lviv, Ukraine

Visiting the 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 in Lviv, Ukraine: In-Depth Visitor Guide

Date: 14/06/2025

Introduction

The 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 is an iconic Soviet-era artillery piece that embodies mid-20th-century military innovation and resilience. Today, it stands not only as a symbol of historical military technology but also as a testament to Ukraine’s ongoing defense efforts. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the D-44’s history, technical features, operational legacy, and practical information for visiting its exhibits in Lviv, Ukraine. Whether you’re a military history enthusiast, a student of Cold War technology, or a traveler eager to explore Ukraine’s past, the D-44 gun exhibit offers a uniquely engaging and educational experience (Forbes, Defence UA).

Table of Contents

Historical Background and Significance

The D-44 was developed by the Soviet Union during the closing stages of World War II as a response to heavily armored German tanks. Entering production in 1945 at the Uralmash factory, it merged the firepower of the T-34-85 tank’s main gun with a robust field artillery platform. Although it saw minimal action in WWII, the D-44 became a staple of Soviet and Warsaw Pact artillery units throughout the Cold War and was widely exported to Soviet-aligned nations. Its continued display and use in Ukraine today reflect both its historical legacy and its relevance in current defense scenarios.


Development and Technical Features

Design Origins:
The D-44 was created to replace the aging ZiS-3 76 mm divisional gun. Drawing on the 85 mm caliber barrel from the T-34-85 tank, it was fitted to a new split-trail carriage, featuring a double-baffle muzzle brake to reduce recoil and a protective gun shield for the crew.

Key Technical Specifications:

  • Caliber: 85 mm
  • Barrel Length: 4.645 m (L/55)
  • Total Weight (Firing Position): ~1,725 kg
  • Maximum Range (HE Shell): 15.2–16.7 km
  • Rate of Fire: Up to 15–25 rounds/minute (practical: 6–8)
  • Armor Penetration: Up to 300 mm (with specific ammunition)
  • Crew: 6–8 personnel
  • Carriage: Two-wheel split trail with reinforced GAZ-AA truck tires
  • Aiming Devices: Panoramic S-71-7 and telescopic OP1-7 or OP2-7 sights; some equipped with night vision (tvd.im, losthistory.net)

Production, Deployment, and Operational History

Mass Production:
Between 1945 and 1953, over 10,800 D-44 guns were produced. The gun became a standard divisional field piece for Soviet and Warsaw Pact armies, also serving in allied states throughout Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Combat Use:
While missing WWII action, the D-44 saw extensive combat in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as well as in various Middle Eastern and African conflicts. Its versatility allowed it to serve both in anti-tank and general support roles. By the 1980s, it was gradually replaced by more advanced systems like the D-30 howitzer but remained in reserve and training units.


The D-44 in Contemporary Ukraine

Modern Adaptation:
Ukraine inherited many D-44s after the Soviet Union’s collapse. With the escalation of conflict in 2022, these guns were reactivated and ingeniously mounted on MT-LB armored tractors, creating the MT-LB-44 self-propelled artillery systems. This adaptation enabled mobile “shoot-and-scoot” tactics on the modern battlefield and highlighted the ongoing relevance of Soviet-era weaponry (Forbes, Defence UA).


Visiting the D-44 Exhibit in Lviv

Location and Accessibility

The D-44 is prominently displayed at various locations in Lviv, such as:

  • Lviv Museum of the History of Ukraine in World War II
  • Lviv Historical Museum
  • Military-themed open-air memorials and parks

These sites are typically within walking distance or a short tram ride from the city center (Rynok Square). Most locations are accessible for visitors with mobility challenges, though outdoor terrain may vary.

Visitor Hours and Ticket Information

  • Outdoor Exhibits: Accessible daily during daylight hours (approx. 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM)
  • Museum Collections: Usually open 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM, Tuesday–Sunday; closed Mondays
  • Tickets: Outdoor displays are usually free. Museum entry ranges from 50–200 UAH (about $1.50–$6 USD), with discounts for students, seniors, and children.

Guided Tours and Educational Programs

Guided tours are available at major museums, typically in Ukrainian and English. These tours provide in-depth information on the D-44’s history, technical features, and operational context. Booking in advance is recommended, especially during peak tourist seasons or special commemorative events.

Travel Tips and Nearby Attractions

  • Nearby Sites:
  • Amenities: Cafés, restrooms, and souvenir shops are typically available near major sites.
  • Seasonal Recommendations: Late spring and early autumn offer the most pleasant weather for outdoor visits.

Visuals and Media

Photography is encouraged for personal use. The D-44’s distinctive profile makes for excellent photos, especially with Lviv’s historic backdrop. Informational panels are bilingual, and some locations offer virtual tours or multimedia presentations.


Cultural and Memorial Context

The D-44 is more than a technical artifact—it is a poignant symbol of Ukraine’s intertwined Soviet legacy and its ongoing struggle for independence and security. Exhibits are often part of larger memorials honoring wartime sacrifices. Visitors are encouraged to approach the site respectfully and observe moments of remembrance where appropriate.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What are the D-44 visiting hours in Lviv?
A: Outdoor exhibits are open from 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM; museum hours are usually 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, closed Mondays.

Q: Is there an entry fee?
A: Outdoor displays are free; museum entry is 50–200 UAH, with concessions available.

Q: Are guided tours available?
A: Yes, in Ukrainian and, often, English.

Q: Is the site accessible for people with disabilities?
A: Most major museums and park exhibits are accessible, but some outdoor areas may have uneven ground.

Q: Can I take photos?
A: Yes, photography for personal use is allowed unless otherwise indicated.


Conclusion and Visitor Recommendations

Visiting the 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 in Lviv offers a unique perspective on both Soviet-era military heritage and Ukraine’s modern narrative of resilience and adaptation. The D-44 stands not only as a technical marvel of its time but also as a living symbol of resourcefulness amid adversity. Whether you are a dedicated history buff or a curious traveler, the D-44 exhibit—complemented by Lviv’s vibrant cultural scene and other historical attractions—makes for an enriching addition to any itinerary.

Tips for Visitors:

  • Plan your visit during mild seasons for the best experience.
  • Confirm updated hours and ticket information via official museum websites.
  • Consider booking a guided tour for deeper insight.
  • Respect the solemnity of memorial sites and observe local visitor etiquette.
  • Download the Audiala app for curated tours and up-to-date news on Lviv’s historical attractions.


Visit The Most Interesting Places In Lviv

12 Virmenska Street, Lviv
12 Virmenska Street, Lviv
122 Mm Howitzer M1938 (M-30)
122 Mm Howitzer M1938 (M-30)
16 Vynnychenka Street, Lviv
16 Vynnychenka Street, Lviv
36 Horodotska Street, Lviv
36 Horodotska Street, Lviv
85 Mm Divisional Gun D-44
85 Mm Divisional Gun D-44
Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Lviv
Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Lviv
Antonovycha Street, Lviv
Antonovycha Street, Lviv
|
  Archbishop'S Palace, Market Square, Lviv
| Archbishop'S Palace, Market Square, Lviv
|
  Archbishop'S Palace, Vynnychenka Street, Lviv
| Archbishop'S Palace, Vynnychenka Street, Lviv
Arena Lviv
Arena Lviv
|
  Armenian Archbishop'S Palace, Lviv
| Armenian Archbishop'S Palace, Lviv
Armenian Cathedral Of Lviv
Armenian Cathedral Of Lviv
Army Sports Club Stadium
Army Sports Club Stadium
Astronomical Observatory Of Lviv University
Astronomical Observatory Of Lviv University
Bandinelli Palace
Bandinelli Palace
Baworowscy Library
Baworowscy Library
|
  Beis Aharon V'Yisrael Synagogue
| Beis Aharon V'Yisrael Synagogue
Bell Tower Of Armenian Church, Lviv
Bell Tower Of Armenian Church, Lviv
Benedykt Dybowski Zoological Museum
Benedykt Dybowski Zoological Museum
Bernardine Church
Bernardine Church
Bernardine Church And Monastery
Bernardine Church And Monastery
Besyadetski Palace, Lviv
Besyadetski Palace, Lviv
Bilohorshcha Street
Bilohorshcha Street
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street
Boim Chapel
Boim Chapel
Borys Voznytskyi Lviv National Art Gallery
Borys Voznytskyi Lviv National Art Gallery
Botanical Garden Of Lviv Forestry Institute
Botanical Garden Of Lviv Forestry Institute
Botanical Garden Of Lviv University
Botanical Garden Of Lviv University
Briukhovychi
Briukhovychi
Carmelite Church
Carmelite Church
Cemetery Of The Defenders Of Lwów
Cemetery Of The Defenders Of Lwów
Chapel Of The Three Hierarchs
Chapel Of The Three Hierarchs
Chuprynky Street, Lviv
Chuprynky Street, Lviv
Church Of John The Baptist, Lviv
Church Of John The Baptist, Lviv
Church Of Our Lady Of The Snow, Lviv
Church Of Our Lady Of The Snow, Lviv
Church Of Saint Anthony, Lviv
Church Of Saint Anthony, Lviv
Church Of Saint George, Lviv
Church Of Saint George, Lviv
Church Of Saint Nicholas, Lviv
Church Of Saint Nicholas, Lviv
Church Of Saint Sophia, Lviv
Church Of Saint Sophia, Lviv
Church Of St. Mary Magdalene
Church Of St. Mary Magdalene
Church Of St. Olha And Elizabeth
Church Of St. Olha And Elizabeth
Church Of St. Ursula, Lviv
Church Of St. Ursula, Lviv
Church Of The Holy Spirit
Church Of The Holy Spirit
Church Of The Holy Trinity, Lviv
Church Of The Holy Trinity, Lviv
Church Of The Presentation
Church Of The Presentation
Church Of Transfiguration
Church Of Transfiguration
Discalced Carmelites Monastery (Lviv)
Discalced Carmelites Monastery (Lviv)
Dominican Church
Dominican Church
Dormition Church
Dormition Church
Doroshenka Street, Lviv
Doroshenka Street, Lviv
Forum Lviv
Forum Lviv
Franciscan Church Of The Immaculate Conception In Lviv
Franciscan Church Of The Immaculate Conception In Lviv
Golden Rose Synagogue
Golden Rose Synagogue
Government House, Lviv
Government House, Lviv
Great City Synagogue, Lviv
Great City Synagogue, Lviv
Gunpowder Tower
Gunpowder Tower
Halytska Square, Lviv
Halytska Square, Lviv
Heroiv Upa Street, Lviv
Heroiv Upa Street, Lviv
Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Hlyniany Gate
Hlyniany Gate
Holovatoho Street
Holovatoho Street
House From Oriavchyk
House From Oriavchyk
House Of Scientists, Lviv
House Of Scientists, Lviv
Hryhorenka Square, Lviv
Hryhorenka Square, Lviv
Ivan Franko Park
Ivan Franko Park
Ivana Pidkovy Square, Lviv
Ivana Pidkovy Square, Lviv
Jakob Glanzer Shul
Jakob Glanzer Shul
Jesuit Church
Jesuit Church
King Cross Leopolis
King Cross Leopolis
Klepariv
Klepariv
Konovaltsia Street, Lviv
Konovaltsia Street, Lviv
Kopernyka Street, Lviv
Kopernyka Street, Lviv
Korniakt Palace
Korniakt Palace
Korniakt Tower
Korniakt Tower
|
  Козацький Човен - "Дуб", Р. Горинь, С. Оржів
| Козацький Човен - "Дуб", Р. Горинь, С. Оржів
Latin Cathedral
Latin Cathedral
Lower Castle In Lviv
Lower Castle In Lviv
Lubomirski Palace
Lubomirski Palace
Lviv Arsenal
Lviv Arsenal
Lviv Bus Terminal
Lviv Bus Terminal
Lviv Conservatory
Lviv Conservatory
Lviv High Castle
Lviv High Castle
Lviv History Museum
Lviv History Museum
Lviv Jesuit College
Lviv Jesuit College
Lviv Les Kurbas Academic Theater
Lviv Les Kurbas Academic Theater
Lviv Museum Of The History Of Religion
Lviv Museum Of The History Of Religion
Lviv National Academy Of Arts
Lviv National Academy Of Arts
Lviv National Medical University Botanical Garden
Lviv National Medical University Botanical Garden
Lviv National Museum
Lviv National Museum
Lviv Philharmonic
Lviv Philharmonic
Lviv Polytechnic
Lviv Polytechnic
Lviv Railway Station
Lviv Railway Station
Lviv State University Of Internal Affairs
Lviv State University Of Internal Affairs
Lviv State University Of Life Safety
Lviv State University Of Life Safety
Lviv State University Of Physical Culture
Lviv State University Of Physical Culture
Lviv Suburban Railway Station
Lviv Suburban Railway Station
Lviv Theatre Of Opera And Ballet
Lviv Theatre Of Opera And Ballet
Lviv Town Hall
Lviv Town Hall
Lviv University
Lviv University
Lviv University Of Trade And Economics
Lviv University Of Trade And Economics
Lychakiv Cemetery
Lychakiv Cemetery
Lychakiv Military Cemetery
Lychakiv Military Cemetery
Lysenka Street, Lviv
Lysenka Street, Lviv
Lytchakiv
Lytchakiv
Market Square
Market Square
Memorial Museum Of Roman Shukhevych In Lviv
Memorial Museum Of Roman Shukhevych In Lviv
Metropolitan Palace
Metropolitan Palace
Mickiewicz Square
Mickiewicz Square
Museum Of Ethnography And Crafts In Lviv
Museum Of Ethnography And Crafts In Lviv
Mytna Square
Mytna Square
National Forestry University
National Forestry University
Old Town Of Lviv
Old Town Of Lviv
Our Lady Of The Gate Of Dawn Churches In Ukraine
Our Lady Of The Gate Of Dawn Churches In Ukraine
Palace Of Arts
Palace Of Arts
Palace Of Turkull-Comello
Palace Of Turkull-Comello
|
  Park Of The End Of The Nineteenth Century "Na Valakh"
| Park Of The End Of The Nineteenth Century "Na Valakh"
Pasichna Street, Lviv
Pasichna Street, Lviv
Patona Street, Lviv
Patona Street, Lviv
Pekarska Street, Lviv
Pekarska Street, Lviv
|
  People'S House In Lviv
| People'S House In Lviv
Перший Український Театр Для Дітей Та Юнацтва
Перший Український Театр Для Дітей Та Юнацтва
Pharmacy Museum
Pharmacy Museum
Pidzamche
Pidzamche
Potocki Palace
Potocki Palace
Povitryana Street, Lviv
Povitryana Street, Lviv
Prison On Łącki Street
Prison On Łącki Street
Promyslova Street, Lviv
Promyslova Street, Lviv
Prospekt Chornovola
Prospekt Chornovola
Prospekt Shevchenka
Prospekt Shevchenka
Prospekt Svobody, Lviv
Prospekt Svobody, Lviv
Prosvity Street, Lviv
Prosvity Street, Lviv
Regional Landscape Park Znesinnya
Regional Landscape Park Znesinnya
Riasna
Riasna
Royal Arsenal
Royal Arsenal
Rudne
Rudne
Saint Adalbert Of Prague Church In Lviv
Saint Adalbert Of Prague Church In Lviv
|
  Saint George'S Cathedral
| Saint George'S Cathedral
Saint John Chrysostom Church, Lviv
Saint John Chrysostom Church, Lviv
Saint Martin Church, Lviv
Saint Martin Church, Lviv
Saints Cosmas And Damian Church, Lviv
Saints Cosmas And Damian Church, Lviv
Sapieha Palace
Sapieha Palace
Scientific Library Of Ivan Franko National University Of Lviv
Scientific Library Of Ivan Franko National University Of Lviv
Scottish Café
Scottish Café
Secret Ukrainian University
Secret Ukrainian University
Siaivo Street
Siaivo Street
Skif Stadium
Skif Stadium
Sknyliv Air Show Disaster
Sknyliv Air Show Disaster
Soborna Square, Lviv
Soborna Square, Lviv
Square Of Angels, Lviv
Square Of Angels, Lviv
St. Onuphrius Monastery
St. Onuphrius Monastery
St. Paraskeva Church
St. Paraskeva Church
St Peter And Paul Church, Lviv
St Peter And Paul Church, Lviv
State Museum Of Natural History
State Museum Of Natural History
Stefanyk National Science Library
Stefanyk National Science Library
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University Of Veterinary Medicine And Biotechnologies Lviv
Stepan Gzhytskyi National University Of Veterinary Medicine And Biotechnologies Lviv
Stryjski Park
Stryjski Park
Sviatoho Teodora Square, Lviv
Sviatoho Teodora Square, Lviv
Tempel Synagogue
Tempel Synagogue
Tomb Of Maria Konopnicka
Tomb Of Maria Konopnicka
Ukraina Stadium
Ukraina Stadium
Ukrainian Catholic University
Ukrainian Catholic University
Ukrainian Dramatic Theatre Of Maria Zankovetska
Ukrainian Dramatic Theatre Of Maria Zankovetska
Union Of Lublin Mound
Union Of Lublin Mound
Ustyianovycha Street, Lviv
Ustyianovycha Street, Lviv
Vicheva Square, Lviv
Vicheva Square, Lviv
Volynska Street, Lviv
Volynska Street, Lviv
Wiki Library
Wiki Library
Yanivsky Cemetery
Yanivsky Cemetery
Yevgeny Lazarenko Mineralogical Museum
Yevgeny Lazarenko Mineralogical Museum
Zamarstynivskyi Park
Zamarstynivskyi Park
Zichron Josef Synagogue
Zichron Josef Synagogue