Roman Period
castle
138 BCE
Romans Found Valentia
Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus planted a colony of 2,000 veteran soldiers on an island in the Turia River. The streets followed the classic grid: cardo along today's Salvador-Almoina, decumanus along Caballeros. Veterans received land near the Via Augusta in exchange for keeping the Iberians quiet. The forum sat where Plaza de la Virgen lies now. You can still feel the rigid logic of that grid under the crooked medieval lanes.
swords
75 BCE
Pompey razes the city
Valentia had backed the wrong general in the Sertorian War. Pompey’s troops burned it to the ground. The city lay half-abandoned for fifty years. Only the temple-sanatorium to Asclepius survived. When the Romans returned they found the stones already blackened. That scar still lingers in the archaeological crypt beneath Almoina.
church
304
Saint Vincent is Martyred
Roman officials tortured Vincent of Saragossa on the site of today’s Cathedral. His death became Valencia’s first great Christian story. Later Visigoths built a church over his tomb. The smell of incense still rises from the same ground on certain mornings. Some locals still swear the stones remember.
Muslim Period
castle
714
Muslims Take Balansiyya
Arab and Berber forces accepted a bloodless surrender. The old inhabitants stayed. The city tripled in size within a century, reaching 47 hectares and 15,000 souls. Engineers built the acequia irrigation channels that still feed the huerta today. Every Thursday at noon the Water Tribunal still meets under the Apostles’ Door using rules older than most European countries.
person
1094
El Cid seizes Valencia
Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar rode through the gates at the head of a mixed Christian-Muslim army. For five years he ruled the city he called his. When he died in 1099 his wife Jimena kept the secret for two years, propping his corpse in the saddle to frighten attackers. The Almoravids took the city back in 1102. The bat on Valencia’s coat of arms supposedly flew around El Cid the day he entered. Locals still argue whether that’s romantic or ridiculous.
Kingdom of Valencia
swords
1238
Jaume I conquers the city
James I of Aragon entered Valencia on 9 October after a long siege. Fifty thousand Moorish inhabitants surrendered. The king distributed 1,615 houses to Catalan settlers according to the Llibre del Repartiment. A bat flew around his head during the triumphal entry; the creature has guarded the city crest ever since. The date remains Valencia’s national day. The conquest ended five centuries of Muslim rule in a single afternoon.
church
1262
Cathedral Construction Begins
Workmen laid the first stone of the new cathedral on the site of the demolished main mosque. The building would take centuries and borrow styles from Romanesque to Baroque. Its tower, El Miguelete, still dictates the rhythm of city life. Stand beneath it at noon on any Thursday and you’ll hear the Water Tribunal arguing in Valencian exactly as they have for a thousand years.
castle
1356
New City Walls Rise
After repeated sieges Valencia began encircling itself in stone. The Torres de Serranos, completed in 1392, became the grand northern gateway. Their height and carved detail announced that the city had money and pride. Most of the wall is gone now, but these two gates remain like bookends on a half-erased history.
castle
1469
La Lonja de la Seda is Built
Merchants needed a worthy hall for the silk trade. The result is late Gothic perfection: a forest of spiraling columns that look like they grew rather than being carved. UNESCO calls it one of the finest secular Gothic buildings in Europe. On quiet afternoons the light falls through the high windows and the stone still smells of medieval contracts and ambition.
school
1498
University of Valencia Founded
The university opened in the former Jewish quarter. Within decades it produced scholars who challenged received wisdom across Europe. The building still stands, heavy with carved stone and expectation. Thousands of students still hurry past the same doorway their medieval predecessors used.
gavel
1609
Expulsion of the Moriscos
Philip III ordered every last converted Muslim out of Spain. Valencia lost roughly a third of its population and most of its skilled farmers. The huerta never fully recovered its former intensity. The decision was economically suicidal. Historians still call it one of the greatest self-inflicted wounds in Spanish history.
Bourbon Era
gavel
1707
Bourbons Abolish the Furs
After backing the losing side at the Battle of Almansa, Valencia watched Philip V strip away its centuries-old privileges. The local charters, the Furs, vanished overnight. The city that had once produced two popes was reduced to just another Castilian province. The wound to local identity still festers in certain bars after midnight.
swords
1812
French Occupy Valencia
Napoleon’s troops finally broke the city after a brutal siege. Joseph Bonaparte briefly moved the Spanish court here. The French destroyed the Palace of the Queen; its ruins still lie in Viveros Park. When the occupiers left in 1813 they took everything of value they could carry. Valencia has never quite trusted outsiders since.
Modern Era
person
1867
Blasco Ibáñez is Born
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez arrived screaming into a crowded Valencia tenement. He would later write savage novels about the city’s poor, run for parliament, and cause riots with his pen. His house on Calle de la Bruja is now a museum. Locals still argue whether he was hero, opportunist, or both.
local_fire_department
1957
The Great Turia Flood
The river burst its banks after weeks of rain. Water reached the first floors of buildings in the old city. More than 80 people died. The disaster finally convinced authorities to divert the Turia. The dry riverbed became one of Europe’s most inspired urban parks. Today joggers and couples wander where the flood once roared.
science
1998
City of Arts and Sciences Opens
Santiago Calatrava’s futuristic complex rose on the old riverbed. The Hemisfèric, Science Museum, and Oceanogràfic announced Valencia’s arrival in the modern world. Some call it visionary, others an expensive white elephant. Either way it changed the city’s skyline and self-image forever. The buildings still gleam like spaceships that landed in the wrong century.
local_fire_department
2024
DANA Floods Strike Again
In late October a cut-off low-pressure system dropped months of rain in hours. More than 100 people died across the region. Valencia’s streets turned into rivers once more. The disaster exposed how little had been learned since 1957. Yet the city’s response showed the same stubborn resilience it has displayed for two thousand years.